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This study explores the acute exercise effect on neurocognitive function and also its potential moderators in an exercise setting and Apolipoprotein E (APOE) genetic risk.
Acute exercise has emerged as a modifier to multiple aspects of cognitive function; however, its effect on populations with different risks of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and the role of exercise variance and APOE genotype within the effect reminds underestimated. The current study aimed to examine the acute exercise effect on neurocognitive function from behavioral and neuroelectric perspectives among cognitively normal late-middle-aged adults. Additionally, we determined whether variations in exercise intensity and duration and the presence of the APOE ɛ4 allele modulated the effect.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Low-intensity with longer duration (40-min) exercise (LI-40) | Experimental | The participants were instructed to complete a volume-matched low-intensity with longer duration (40-min) exercise (LI-40) treatment. |
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| Moderate-intensity with 30 min exercise (MI-30) | Experimental | The participants were instructed to complete a volume-matched moderate-intensity with 30 min exercise (MI-30) treatment. |
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| High-intensity with shorter duration (16-min) exercise (HI-16) | Experimental | The participants were instructed to complete a volume-matched high-intensity with shorter duration (16-min) exercise (HI-16) treatment. |
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| Control treatment (CON) | No Intervention | The participants in the control treatment (CON) were instructed to complete book reading for 30-min. |
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| LI-40 | Behavioral | Participants were asked to complete a volume-matched light-intensity exercise for 30-min. The exercise volume was pre-determined based on the energy expenditure (kcal) calculated with 5-min warm-up stage, 20-min main exercise stage (i.e., moderate intensity as 50%-60 % heart rate reserve, HRR), and 5-min cool-down stage. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Stroop task: Response time | A computerized Stroop task was used to assess participants' inhibitory control and basic information processing. The response time of the correct responses was calculated for the first behavioral index. | Participants were required to complete the Stroop task approximately 30 min following the cessation of each acute exercise treatment or the 30-min reading. |
| Stroop task: Accuracy | A computerized Stroop task was used to assess participants' inhibitory control and basic information processing. The accuracy was calculated for the second behavioral index. | Participants were required to complete the Stroop task approximately 30 min following the cessation of each acute exercise treatment or the 30-min reading. |
| Event-related potential: P3 amplitude | The event-related potential from parietal electrodes (i.e., P3, Pz, and P4) were initially outputted for the mean P3 amplitude; the averaged mean P3 amplitudes from parietal electrodes was then calculated as the neuroelectrical indices. | Participants were required to complete the Stroop task while EEG activity was continuously recorded approximately 30 min following the cessation of each acute exercise treatment or the 30-min reading. |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Yu-Kai Chang, Ph.D. | Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, National Taiwan Normal University | Study Director |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, National Taiwan Normal University | Taipei | 106308 | Taiwan |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 37526237 | Derived | Chang YK, Etnier JL, Li RH, Ren FF, Ai JY, Chu CH. Acute Exercise Effect on Neurocognitive Function Among Cognitively Normal Late-Middle-Aged Adults With/Without Genetic Risk of AD: The Moderating Role of Exercise Volume and APOE Genotype. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2024 Feb 1;79(2):glad179. doi: 10.1093/gerona/glad179. |
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Data are available upon request.
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D015444 | Exercise |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D009043 | Motor Activity |
| D009068 | Movement |
| D009142 | Musculoskeletal Physiological Phenomena |
| D055687 | Musculoskeletal and Neural Physiological Phenomena |
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The present study adopted a counterbalanced design. All participants were instructed to complete four counterbalanced treatments: a) longer duration (LI-40), b) moderate-intensity with 30 min (MI-30), c) high-intensity with shorter duration (HI-16), and d) control treatments.
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| MI-30 | Behavioral | Participants were asked to complete a volume-matched moderate-intensity exercise for 20-min. The exercise volume was pre-determined based on the energy expenditure (kcal) calculated with 5-min warm-up stage, 20-min main exercise stage (i.e., moderate intensity as 50%-60 % heart rate reserve, HRR), and 5-min cool-down stage. |
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| HI-16 | Behavioral | Participants were asked to complete a volume-matched high-intensity exercise for 16-min. The exercise volume was pre-determined based on the energy expenditure (kcal) calculated with 5-min warm-up stage, 20-min main exercise stage (i.e., moderate intensity as 50%-60 % heart rate reserve, HRR), and 5-min cool-down stage. |
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