Risk Model of Cognitive Impairment in Diabetes

Early Diagnosis and Risk Evaluation of Mild Cognitive Impairment in Diabetes

Development and validation of a risk model for predicting the risk of mild cognitive impairment among individuals of type 2 diabetes.

Inclusion Criteria:

• Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus ;
• Aged:40 -80 years ;
• Montreal Cognitive Assessment Scale (MoCA) scores 19 - 30;

Exclusion Criteria:

• Mini-mental State Examination(MMSE) scores < 24;
• Other dementia related neurological diseases or depression, schizophrenia in the past 2 years;
• Central nervous system diseases, including brain trauma, intracranial hemorrhage, acute cerebral infarction;
• Severe sinusitis, nasal cavity and sinus polyps, skull base or nasopharyngeal tumors and other space occupying lesions, congenital diseases and traumatic history of nose, maxillofacial and skull base affecting olfaction;
• Diabetic acute and chronic complications, including diabetic ketoacidosis, a hyperglycemic hyperosmolar state or severe hypoglycemic coma.