A Soterix mini Clinical Trials tDCS unit will be used for delivery of active stimulation. Participants received twenty minutes of 2.0mA direct current through two biocarbon rubber electrodes encased in saline soaked 5cm2 sponges placed over the frontal cortices at F3 and F4 (based on the international "10-20 system" of standardized brain electrode placement).

A Soterix mini Clinical Trials tDCS unit was used for delivery of sham stimulation. Participants received 30 seconds of 2.0mA of direct current stimulation at the beginning of each 20 minute session. Since participants habituate to the sensation of tDCS within 30-60 seconds of stimulation, this procedure provides the same sensation of active tDCS while only receiving 30 seconds of stimulation at the beginning and end.

Total of all reporting groups

Name: Montreal Cognitive Assessment

Abbreviation: MoCA

Construct: The MoCA measures global cognitive function.

Scale Range: 0 to 30

Interpretation: Higher scores indicate better cognitive function, while lower scores suggest greater cognitive impairment. A score of 26 or higher is typically considered normal, while lower scores may indicate mild cognitive impairment or more severe deficits.

Name: Activities-specific Balance Confidence Scale

Abbreviation: ABC Scale

Construct: Assesses an individual's confidence in performing various ambulatory activities without losing balance or becoming unsteady.

Scale Range: 0% to 100% (each item is rated 0-100, and an average percentage score is calculated)

Interpretation: Higher scores indicate greater balance confidence, while lower scores suggest lower balance confidence and possible fear of falling.

Name: Motor Imagery Questionnaire - Revised Second Version

Abbreviation: MIQ-RS

Construct: Assesses the ease with which individuals can perform motor imagery tasks in both visual and kinesthetic modalities.

Scale Range: 7-point Likert scale from 1 = very hard to see/feel to 7 = very easy to see/feel

Interpretation: Higher scores indicate better ability to engage in motor imagery, while lower scores indicate difficulty in performing mental imagery tasks.

Name: Katz Index of Independence in Activities of Daily Living

Abbreviation: Katz Index

Construct: Measures an individual's independence in performing basic activities of daily living (ADLs), such as bathing, dressing, toileting, transferring, continence, and feeding.

Scale Range: 0 to 6 (1 point per independent activity)

Interpretation: Higher scores indicate greater independence, while lower scores suggest higher dependence in performing ADLs.

Name: Movement-Specific Reinvestment Scale

Abbreviation: MSRS

Construct: Assesses the extent to which an individual consciously monitors and controls their movements, potentially disrupting automaticity of movement.

Scale Range: 10 to 50 (each item is rated on a 5-point Likert scale from 1 = strongly disagree to 5 = strongly agree)

Interpretation: Higher scores indicate a higher tendency for conscious movement control, which may be associated with poorer movement performance, particularly under pressure.

Name: Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index

Abbreviation: PSQI

Construct: Assesses sleep quality and disturbances over a 1-month period across several domains, including sleep duration, latency, efficiency, disturbances, medication use, and daytime dysfunction.

Scale Range: 0 to 21 (global score based on 7 components, each scored 0-3)

Interpretation: Higher scores indicate worse sleep quality, with a global score greater than 5 suggesting significant sleep disturbances or poor sleep quality.

Name: Short Form-36 Health Survey Abbreviation: SF-36 Subscale: General Health Construct: Assesses perceptions of overall health, including personal health status and expectations of future health.

Subscale Range: 0 to 100 (calculated by transforming raw scores) Interpretation: Higher scores indicate better perceived general health, while lower scores indicate poorer perceived general health.

Scoring Information: The General Health subscale is calculated by via five items related to overall health perception. The SF-36 does not compute an overall score but eight individual subscales.

Twenty minutes of 2.0mA direct current through two biocarbon rubber electrodes encased in saline soaked 5cm2 sponges placed over the frontal cortices at F3 and F4 (based on the international "10-20 system" of standardized brain electrode placement).

Home-based mobility testing and active tDCS: A Soterix Clinical Trials tDCS unit will be used for delivery of stimulation for twenty minutes of 2.0mA direct current through two biocarbon rubber electrodes encased in saline soaked 5cm2 sponges placed over the frontal cortices at F3 and F4 (based on the international "10-20 system" of standardized brain electrode placement). 2.0mA was

30 seconds (at the beginning and end of 20 minutes) of 2.0mA direct current through two biocarbon rubber electrodes encased in saline soaked 5cm2 sponges placed over the frontal cortices at F3 and F4 (based on the international "10-20 system" of standardized brain electrode placement).

Sham tDCS: Sham stimulation is performed with the same device and all procedures will be identical except for the duration of stimulation. Participants will receive 30 seconds of 2.0mA of direct current stimulation at the beginning of each rehabilitation session. Since participants habituate to the sensation of tDCS within 30-60 seconds of stimulation, this procedure provides the same sensation of active tDCS.