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In the proposed study, the investigators assumed that mirror therapy combined with augmented reality technology will provide a better treatment effects than traditional mirror therapy for the patients with unilateral stroke. The aim of the study is to examine the difference in the treatment effects among the combination of task-oriented training with either augmented reality based mirror therapy, mirror therapy or traditional occupational therapy on the upper extremity function and brain activity of the stroke patients.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Traditional occupational therapy | Active Comparator | Traditional occupational therapy delivered skill training related to daily living tasks. |
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| Mirror therapy using a mirror box | Active Comparator | Exercise of mirror therapy included movements of forearm, wrist, fingers and thumb, as well as a tendon gliding exercise using a mirror box . |
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| Augmented reality-based mirror therapy | Experimental | Exercise of augmented reality-based mirror therapy included movements of forearm, wrist, fingers and thumb, as well as a tendon gliding exercise using an augmented reality mirror therapy system . |
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| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Traditional occupational therapy | Other | Motor training targeted to goals that are relevant to the functional needs of the patient |
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| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Change in the result of Fugl-Meyer assessment (FMA) for motor function of upper extremity test | Each item is rated on a three-point ordinal scale (2 points for the detail being performed completely, 1 point for the detail being performed partially, and 0 for the detail not being performed). The maximum motor performance score is 66 points for the upper extremity. | baseline, 9 weeks and 21 weeks |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Change in the result of Modified Ashworth scale (MAS) | Muscle tone is defined by the resistance of a muscle being stretched without resistance. The MAS scores were distributed across the entire scale, ranging from 0 to 4, that is convenient for the clinician use. The grading of the scale is described as below: 0) no increase in muscle tone; 1) minimal resistance at the end of the range of motion; 1+) slight increase in muscle tone, manifested by a catch, followed by minimal resistance throughout the reminder (less than half) of the ROM; 2) more marked increase in tone but only after part is easily flexed; 3) considerable increase in tone; and 4) passive movement is difficult and affected part is rigid in flexion or extension. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| changes in oxygenated (HbO) and deoxygenated (Hb) hemoglobin concentrations using near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) | To investigate the activation of specific brain regions | baseline, 9 weeks and 21 weeks |
Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| National Cheng-Kung University Hospital | Tainan | Taiwan | 704 | Taiwan |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D020521 | Stroke |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D002561 | Cerebrovascular Disorders |
| D001927 | Brain Diseases |
| D002493 | Central Nervous System Diseases |
| D009422 | Nervous System Diseases |
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| Mirror therapy using a mirror box | Other | Mirror therapy using a mirror box |
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| Augmented reality-based mirror therapy | Other | Augmented reality-based mirror therapy |
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| baseline, 9 weeks and 21 weeks |
| Change in the result of Box and blocks test | The score is the number of blocks carried from one box to the other in one minute. Higher values represent a better outcome. | baseline, 9 weeks and 21 weeks |
| Change in the result of Semmes-Weinstein monofilament (SWM) test | The Semmes-Weinstein monofilamenttest examines the cutaneous pressure threshold, range from 1.65-6.65. Higher values represent a worse outcome. | baseline, 9 weeks and 21 weeks |
| Change in the result of Motor Activity Log | Semi-structured interview examine how much and how well the subject uses their more-affected arm for 30 ADLs. Score range from 0-5. Higher values represent a better outcome. | baseline, 9 weeks and 21 weeks |
| D014652 | Vascular Diseases |
| D002318 | Cardiovascular Diseases |