Electroacupuncture Intervention in Catheter Ablation of Atrial Fibrillation

A Randomized Control Trial to Determine Whether Electroacupuncture(EA) Intervention With Morphine Can Reduce the Intraoperative Pain and Early Post-operative Complications in Patients Undergoing Catheter Ablation of Atrial Fibrillation.

This is a randomized control trial to determine whether electroacupuncture(EA) intervention with Morphine can reduce the intraoperative pain and early post-operative complications in patients undergoing catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation.

Inclusion Criteria:

1. Aged 18 to 80 years old;
2. Atrial fibrillation
3. Nonresponse or intolerance to ≥1 antiarrhythmic drug.

Exclusion Criteria:

1. A history of allergy to acupuncture;
2. With uncontrolled congestive heart failure;
3. Having significant valvular disease;
4. Having moderate-to-severe pulmonary hypertension;
5. With myocardial infarction or stroke within 6 months of screening;
6. With Significant congenital heart disease;
7. Ejection fraction was <40% measured by echocardiography;
8. Allergic to contrast media;
9. Contraindication to anticoagulation medications;
10. Severe pulmonary disease e.g. restrictive pulmonary disease, chronic obstructive disease (COPD);
11. Left atrial thrombus;
12. Having any contraindication to right or left sided heart catheterization