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Restless legs syndrome (RLS) is a neurological movement disorder characterized by uncomfortable and uncontrollable sensations, usually in the legs, that increase at rest, and an urge to move the legs or other affected extremities. The exact cause of RLS is unknown, but there are idiopathic and secondary forms of RLS associated with various medical conditions such as anemia, pregnancy, uremia, neuropathies, rheumatoid arthritis, parkinson's disease, spinocerebellar ataxia, and neurological disorders such as multiple sclerosis.
Neuromyelitis optica (NMO) is a severe inflammatory disease of the central nervous system.
NMO, once considered a variant of multiple sclerosis, is now recognized as a separate disease entity. In 2004, the water channel protein-specific antibody called aquaporin 4 (AQP4) was found to cause NMO, leading to the identification of NMO as a separate disease. When initially described, the disease was thought to show only necrotic and demyelinating lesions in the optic nerve and spinal cord. It was therefore thought that NMO would preferentially only attack the optic nerves and spinal cord, not the brain. However, over the years, evidence from various studies has proven that various parts of the brain are also affected during the course of the disease. In addition, some patients showing features of the disease were found to be seronegative for anti-AQP4 antibodies. These findings necessitated the need to introduce a new term "neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (NMOSD)" to describe all the features of the disease. Although the feeling of restlessness in the legs is frequently reported as a sensory symptom by people with NMOSD, there are limited publications to investigate the relationship between RLS and NMOSD.
The primary aim of the study is to determine the frequency and severity of RLS in people with NMOSD. The second aim of the study is to compare the presence and severity of RLS, sleep quality, daytime sleepiness level, quality of life, fatigue and Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) results in people with NMOSD. The third aim of the study is to compare the cognitive functions of people with RLS positive and negative NMOSD.
People with NMOSD who came to Dokuz Eylul University Medical Faculty Hospital Neurology Department MS Polyclinic for their routine check-ups, who volunteered to participate, will be included in the study.
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| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| assessments | Other | Assessments, no specific intervention |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| International Restless Legs Syndrome Study Group rating scale for restless legs syndrome | The International Restless Legs Syndrome Study Group rating scale for restless legs syndrome is used to assess severity of the restless legs syndrome symptoms. It consists of 10 items scored by 0 to 4. Possible scores range from 0 to 40. Higher scores indicate higher severity. | Baseline |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index | Detect sleep disturbances or deficits. | Baseline |
| Epworth Sleepiness Scale | The Epworth Sleepiness Scale is a self-administered questionnaire with 8 questions. Respondents are asked to rate, on a 4-point scale (0-3), their usual chances of dozing off or falling asleep while engaged in eight different activities. The score (the sum of 8 item scores, 0-3) can range from 0 to 24. The higher the score, the higher that person's average sleep propensity in daily life, or their 'daytime sleepiness'. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Restless Legs Syndrome Diagnostic Criteria | Diagnostic Criteria for Restless Legs Syndrome was developed by the Restless Legs Syndrome Working Group in 1995 and revised in 2003 and 2014. These criteria include; the need to move the legs due to uncomfortable or unpleasant sensations in the legs, the need for movement or disturbing sensations start or worsen at rest, the need for movement or disturbing sensations can be partially or totally relieved by movements such as walking or stretching, the need for movement or disturbing sensations may worsen at night or only occur in the evening or night, The aforementioned features cannot be considered only in relation to primary symptoms or other medical or behavioral conditions (e.g., myalgia, venous stasis, leg edema, leg cramps, habitual foot swing). Patients meeting all of the criteria are diagnosed with restless legs syndrome. The restless legs syndrome diagnosis will be confirmed by a neurologist. |
Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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people with neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder
| Name | Role | Phone | Extension | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Serkan Ozakbas, MD | Contact | 0232 412 4964 | serkan.ozakbas@gmail.com | |
| Asiye Tuba Ozdogar, PhD | Contact | tuba.ozdogar@yahoo.com |
| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Serkan Ozakbas, MD | Dokuz Eylul University | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dokuz Eylul University | Recruiting | Izmir | Turkey (Türkiye) |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D009471 | Neuromyelitis Optica |
| D012148 | Restless Legs Syndrome |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D009188 | Myelitis, Transverse |
| D020278 | Demyelinating Autoimmune Diseases, CNS |
| D020274 | Autoimmune Diseases of the Nervous System |
| D009422 | Nervous System Diseases |
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| Baseline |
| Modified Fatigue Impact Scale | The Modified Fatigue Impact Scale provides an assessment of the effects of fatigue in terms of physical, cognitive, and psychosocial functioning. The scale consists of 21 items with a Likert-type choose options. The total score for the scale is the sum of the scores for the 21 items. Individual subscale scores for physical, cognitive, and psychosocial functioning can also be generated by calculating the sum of specific sets of items. The total score ranges from 0 to 84. Higher score indicates higher level of fatigue. | Baseline |
| Symbol Digit Modalities Test | The Symbol Digit Modalities Test is used to assess information processing speed. Using a reference key, the test taker has 90 seconds to pair specific numbers with given geometric figures in the Symbol Digit Modalities Test. The correct matches are calculated as the test score. Higher scores indicate better information processing speed. | Baseline |
| California Verbal Learning Test-II | The California Verbal Learning Test-II is used to assess verbal memory. Higher scores indicate better verbal memory. | Baseline |
| Revised Brief Visuospatial Memory Test | The Revised Brief Visuospatial Memory Test is used to assess visuospatial memory. Higher scores indicate better visuospatial memory. | Baseline |
| Magnetic Resonance Imagery | The MRI results of the people with NMOSD included in the study, taken within the last 6 months, will be examined. Black hole, active lesion and spinal lesion presence, region and number will be noted. MRI results will be evaluated by neurologists specialized in demyelinating diseases. | Baseline |
| Baseline |
| Expanded Disability Status Scale | The Expanded Disability Status Scale is a method of quantifying disability in multiple sclerosis. The scale is based on a neurological examination by a clinician. It has steps from 0 to 10. The higher scores indicate higher neurological disability. | Baseline |
| D009902 | Optic Neuritis |
| D009901 | Optic Nerve Diseases |
| D003389 | Cranial Nerve Diseases |
| D003711 | Demyelinating Diseases |
| D005128 | Eye Diseases |
| D001327 | Autoimmune Diseases |
| D007154 | Immune System Diseases |
| D020919 | Sleep Disorders, Intrinsic |
| D020920 | Dyssomnias |
| D012893 | Sleep Wake Disorders |
| D020447 | Parasomnias |
| D001523 | Mental Disorders |