Adults over 18 living with HIV. Participants were referred to one of our two study centers for cardiovascular assessment as part of their routine care.

PLHIV are at intermediate cardiovascular risk, they present at least one cardiovascular risk factor without established cardiovascular disease.

NB: all tests performed are part of routine care for cardiac prevention in France (no study specific interventions were performed.)

Adults over 18 without HIV infection. Participants were referred to one of our two study centers for cardiovascular assessment as part of their routine care.

HIV- subjects are at intermediate cardiovascular risk, they present at least one cardiovascular risk factor without established cardiovascular disease.

NB: all tests performed are part of routine care for cardiac prevention in France (no study specific interventions were performed.)

Agatston method quantified coronary calcification. A prospectively ECG-triggered, non-contrasted CAC score used a non-enhanced low radiation cardiac CT scan provided onsite at both centers. Quantification of CAC was performed using a SOMATOM Definition Edge or SOMATOM Force (Siemens Medical Solutions) with standard mediastinal parameters (width, 350 Hounsfield units; level, 50 Hounsfield units), and according to the current guidelines for CAC scoring of non-contrast non-cardiac chest CT scans.

The investigators will measure the CAC score using the Agatston score.

Agatston score scale: 0 (lowest risk) to >400 (severely increased risk)

Agatston score interpretation:

• lower scores mean lower risk
• higher scores mean higher risk

We will measure Agatston score then assign patients to one of four groups:

CAC score = 0; CAC score 1-99, CAC score 100-399, CAC score > 400

The investigators will measure the prevalence of traditional cardiovascular risk factors by medical interview, review of medical records and biochemical laboratory tests.

- Traditional cardiovascular risk factors include: tobacco use, diabetes (fasting glucose and anti-diabetic drug use), hypertension (blood pressure measurement and antihypertensive drug use), lipid abnormalities (lipid panel and lipid-lowering drug use)

We will measure the prevalence of non-traditional HIV-related cardiovascular risk factors by medical interview, medical records review and biochemical laboratory tests.

- Non-traditional HIV-related cardiovascular risk factors include: HIV duration, antiretroviral regimen and duration, viral load, lymphocyte count and nadir.