The standardized ITR program was applied to both groups for 60 minutes a day, five days a week, for six weeks. The ITR program included exercises of abdominal strengthening, controlled pelvic movements, bridging, trunk lateral flexion and rotation, reaching forward, and push-ups with a Swiss Ball. This group received a robotic rehabilitation program for the upper extremity with a Houston Bionics ExoRehab X brand/model device. This device has no motor force of repulsion or attraction. Patients initiate and maintain their movements during the exercise. The device supports the patient's active movement and allows extensive movement repetition.

Before starting robotic rehabilitation, the patient was seated upright on the platform. The games were projected onto a 43-inch television screen. The exercise program was planned to include upper extremity movements in all directions.

The standardized ITR program was applied to both groups for 60 minutes a day, five days a week, for six weeks. During this period, lower extremity rehabilitation was added if needed in addition to trunk rehabilitation. Exercises for the lower extremities were applied according to the patient's individual needs. The ITR program included exercises of abdominal strengthening, controlled pelvic movements, bridging, trunk lateral flexion and rotation, reaching forward and sideways, and push-ups with a Swiss Ball.

CR applied after the ITR program consisted of an individualized rehabilitation program for the upper extremities. These rehabilitation programs generally included activities for functional purposes (dressing, object manipulation, reaching, cup holding, range of motion, strengthening, weight-bearing, etc.). The treatment program was applied five days a week for six weeks, with the session duration limited to 60 minutes.

Houston Bionics ExoRehab X brand/model device was used for improving the upper extremity in subacute stroke.

This disease-specific scale was created as an objective motor impairment scale to assess recovery in post-stroke hemiplegic patients. It includes subsections that assess joint movements, coordination, and reflex activities related to the shoulder, elbow, forearm, wrist, and hand. The maximum score that can be obtained is 66, with a high score indicating good motor condition.

This disease-specific scale was created as an objective motor impairment scale to assess recovery in post-stroke hemiplegic patients. It includes subsections that assess joint movements, coordination, and reflex activities related to the shoulder, elbow, forearm, wrist, and hand. The maximum score that can be obtained is 66, with a high score indicating good motor condition.

Demographic Characteristics

This test was created to evaluate the motor ability of the upper extremity. The test consists of 17 items, 15 of which are related to the fields of functional skill and performance time, and 2 to muscle strength (20). The two items of muscle strength evaluation were not used in this study. A high score indicates fine motor ability.