This is a non-randomized behavioral trial that aims to investigate whether changes in inflammatory and type I IFN expression coincide with changes in methamphetamine use and viral load over the course of 12 weeks in HIV-positive people assigned male at birth with and without methamphetamine use disorder.

This is a within-subjects, two-arm study with 35 HIV-positive people assigned male at birth receiving contingency management for treatment of methamphetamine use disorder and 20 HIV-positive people assigned male at birth serving as a non-substance-using healthy control (N=55 total). HIV-positive participants with methamphetamine use disorder who meet the eligibility criteria will be assigned to the contingency management treatment group. HIV-positive participants who do not use substances and meet the specific criteria will be assigned to the non-substance-using control group. Participants will be observed over 8 weeks, with another follow-up 4 weeks thereafter.

Inclusion Criteria:

For Contingency Management:

1. Assigned male sex at birth
2. 18 to 45 years of age
3. Reports having sex with men in the past 12 months.
4. HIV-positive (confirmed by certification or by HIV rapid test)
5. Has an HIV care provider (last seen in the past 12 months)
6. Has a current antiretroviral prescription
7. Meets the DSM-5 criteria for methamphetamine use disorder using SCID-5
8. Urine test is positive for methamphetamine within 30 days of their screening visit
9. Seeking treatment for methamphetamine use disorder.
10. Ability to attend twice weekly appointments for drug testing and treatment

For Non-substance-using Control:

1. Assigned male sex at birth
2. 18 to 45 years of age
3. Reports having sex with men in the past 12 months.
4. HIV-positive (confirmed by certification or by HIV rapid test)
5. Has an HIV care provider (last seen in the past 12 months)
6. Has a current antiretroviral prescription

Exclusion Criteria:

For Contingency Management:

1. Identifies as (cis- or transgender) female
2. Reports another current or past substance use disorder
3. Reports being in another intervention or clinical trial for substance use
4. Positive test for opioids, cocaine, and/or MDMA

For Non-substance-using Control:

1. Identifies as (cis- or transgender) female
2. Positive test for methamphetamine, opioids, cocaine, and/or MDMA.
3. Reports substance use (methamphetamine, opioids, cocaine, MDMA, hallucinogens, heavy alcohol use, and/or tobacco) in the past 6 months
4. Reports past or current substance use disorder

Assigned male sex at birth but does not identify as female.

It is possible that future collaborators of the PI (e.g., other UCLA investigators) may conduct secondary analyses on the data to answer other research questions. The other investigator may submit a concept for a research question and hypothesis to be tested using the data. This would require PI approval of a concept, and co-authorship/involvement of the PI on the study.

After the PI completes publication of their specific aims and any secondary outcomes, data will be available for at least 3 years thereafter.

Submission and PI approval of a concept sheet