Reintubation after failed extubation would be associated with increased mortality. Therefore, extubation failure remains a major concern in ICU. Few randomized controlled studies have assessed the benefit for a systematic respiratory support (noninvasive ventilation or high flow nasal cannula) applied at the time of extubation to reduce reintubation rates in patients at high and low risk for reintubation. In addition, these studies reported discordant results. Therefore, there are some concerns regarding effectiveness and systematic uptake of a respiratory support after extubation into usual practice.

The aim of this trial is to determine whether a protocolized postextubation respiratory support including High-flow Nasal Oxygen (HFNO) and Noninvasive Ventilation (NIV) could reduce the rate of reintubation in comparison with usual practice. Therefore, all consecutively eligible patients for the study, will be assigned to a protocol arm in accordance with the randomized period

Inclusion Criteria:

• Adult patients
• Intubated more than 24 hours in the ICU
• Ready for a scheduled extubation then extubated

Exclusion Criteria:

• Contraindication to HFNO or NIV
• Underlying chronic neuromuscular disease
• Unplanned extubation (accidental or self-extubation)
• With a do-not-reintubate order at time of extubation
• Tracheotomia