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The aim of this study is to examine the effectiveness of inspiratory muscle training (IMT) before bronchoscopic procedure in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Patients (COPD). Patients with a diagnosis of COPD, who are listed for a bronchoscopic procedure and referred to the pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) clinic, will be randomly divided into two groups. Standard PR exercise program will be applied to both groups. In addition to the standard program, IMT will be applied to one of the groups. The effect of IMT on exercise program gains will be examined.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Standard pulmonary rehabilitation group (PR) | Experimental | Patients diagnosed with COPD and listed for bronchoscopic procedure. |
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| Inspiratory muscle training group (PR+IMT) | Experimental | Patients diagnosed with COPD and listed for bronchoscopic procedure. |
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| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Inspiratory muscle training | Other | Respiratory muscle strengthening training will be given with a resistive threshold inspiratory muscle strengthening device. |
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| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Exercise capacity | The 6-minute walking test will conduct in a 30-meter corridor in line with American Thoracic Society (ATS) guidelines. Participants will ask to walk as far as they can. Prior to and following the test, oxygen saturation, heart rate and Borg fatigue rating will measure, and the walking distance will record. | Change from baseline at 2 months |
| Dyspnea perception | Modified Medical Council Dyspnea score will rate the sensation of dyspnea as the person perceives it.The severity of dyspnea is rated on a scale of 0 to 4."0 point" means no dyspnea perception and "4point" means severe dyspnea perception. | Change from baseline at 2 months |
| Respiratory muscle strength | The mouth pressure measurement (maximum inspiratory and expiratory pressure) will perform with the Pony Fx spirometry device. Patient will place a rubber mouthpiece with flanges, on the device, exhale/inhale slowly and completely, and then will try to breath in as hard as possible. The patient will allow to rest for about a minute and the maneuver will repeat. The aim is that the variability between measurements is less than 10 cm H2O. The maximum value will obtain. | Change from baseline at 2 months |
| Clinical status follow-up after bronchoscopic procedure | Complications and clinical status will be followed up for 1 year after the bronchoscopic procedure. | Change from baseline at 1 year after bronchoscopic procedure |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Fatigue severity | The fatigue severity scale: A 9-item questionnaire with questions related to how fatigue interferes with certain activities and rates its severity. | Change from baseline at 2 months |
| Physical activity level |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Esra Pehlivan | Istanbul | Üsküdar | 34668 | Turkey (Türkiye) |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D029424 | Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D008173 | Lung Diseases, Obstructive |
| D008171 | Lung Diseases |
| D012140 | Respiratory Tract Diseases |
| D002908 | Chronic Disease |
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| Standard pulmonary rehabilitation programme | Other | The standard PR consisted of breathing exercises, peripheral muscle strengthening and self walking training. |
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The International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) was developed as an instrument for cross-national monitoring of physical activity and inactivity. This measure assesses the types of intensity of physical activity and sitting time that people do as part of daily lives are considered to estimate total physical activity in MET-min/week and time spent sitting.
| Change from baseline at 2 months |
| Anxiety level | Hospital Anxiety Depression scale:The levels of anxiety will asses by Hospital Anxiety Depression Scale (HADS) .The HADS is a self-report rating scale of 14 items on a 4-point Likert scale (range 0-3). It is designed to measure anxiety and depression (7 items for each subscale). The total score is the sum of the 14 items, and for each subscale the score is the sum of the respective seven items (ranging from 0-21).Several studies suggest a cut-off score of ≥8 to be optimal for best sensitivity and specificity. The HADS has sensitivity and specificity of about 80%, and a predictive validity for identification of about 70%. | Change from baseline at 2 months |
| Depression level | Hospital Anxiety Depression scale:The levels of depression will asses by Hospital Anxiety Depression Scale (HADS) .The HADS is a self-report rating scale of 14 items on a 4-point Likert scale (range 0-3). It is designed to measure anxiety and depression (7 items for each subscale). The total score is the sum of the 14 items, and for each subscale the score is the sum of the respective seven items (ranging from 0-21).Several studies suggest a cut-off score of ≥8 to be optimal for best sensitivity and specificity. The HADS has sensitivity and specificity of about 80%, and a predictive validity for identification of about 70%. | Change from baseline at 2 months |
| Quality of life level | Saint George Respiratory Questionaire (SGRQ) score: The SGRQ ranges from 0 (no impairment of quality of life) to 100 (highest impairment of quality of life). | Change from baseline at 2 months |
| Pulmonary function tests (PFTs) | PFTs will perform by using the Pony Fx spirometry device, and according to the American Thoracic Society (ATS) guidelines | Change from baseline at 2 months |
| Peripheral muscle strength measurement | Peripheral muscle strength measurement will be performed on major muscle groups (quadriceps femoris, tibialis anterior, iliopsoas, biceps brachii, triceps, hand grip force) with a digital muscle strength measurement device. | Change from baseline at 2 months |
| D020969 |
| Disease Attributes |
| D010335 | Pathologic Processes |
| D013568 | Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms |