Researchers are looking for a better way to treat people who have advanced solid tumors. Advanced solid tumors are solid cancers that may have spread to nearby tissue, lymph nodes and/or to distant parts of the body and that are unlikely to be cured or controlled with currently available treatments.

A new therapy available for advanced solid cancers is immunotherapy with PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors. This drug class stimulates immune cells to kill cancer cells by blocking a protein called PD-1. Although PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors have shown benefits in treatment of cancer, only a subset of patients benefit from the initial therapy, while in others the cancer comes back. One reason could be that the ability of the patients' immune systems to kill cancer cells is weakened by so-called regulatory T cells which have a suppressive effect on the immune system.

The study treatment BAY3375968 is an antibody that binds to a protein called CCR8 which is located on the surface of regulatory T cells. This leads to a reduction in regulatory T cells and further inhibits their immune suppressive activity, so that the immune response against cancer can be strengthened as observed in animal models. Animal studies also showed that BAY3375968 may add more anti-cancer effect to immunotherapy with PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors when used in combination. All of these previous observations need to be confirmed in humans.

The main aims of this study are to find for BAY3375968 alone and in combination with pembrolizumab (a PD-1 inhibitor):

• how safe it is
• the degree to which overt medical problems caused by the treatment(s) can be tolerated
• the highest amount of BAY3375968 that can be given alone or in combination with pembrolizumab.
• how it moves into, through, and out of the body.

To do this, researchers will collect and analyze data about:

• the number and severity of participants' medical problems after taking their treatments
• the best dose of BAY3375968 that can be given
• the highest level in the blood (Cmax) and the total level (AUC) of BAY3375968.

Doctors keep track of all medical problems (also called adverse events) that participants have during the study, even if they do not think that they might be related to the study treatment.

The researchers will also study the activity of BAY3375968 alone and in combination with pembrolizumab against the cancer.

The study will have 2 parts. Part 1 (dose escalation) focuses on tumor types that respond to immunotherapy. It will help to find the best dose for BAY3375968 alone and in combination with pembrolizumab that can be given in part 2. For this, the participants will receive one specific dose of several increasing BAY3375968 doses tested in part 1. Dose escalation of BAY3375968 alone will be done prior to the dose escalation of the combination with a fixed dose of pembrolizumab.

The participants of part 2 (dose expansion), will receive the best dose of BAY3375968 alone or in combination with pembrolizumab found in part 1. This part of the study focuses on certain cancer types of the lung, breast, head and neck cancer, gastric cancer and melanoma.

The total duration of the study will be approximately 4 years and 7 months. Each participant in the study will visit the study site twice before starting their treatment. Once the treatment starts, the frequency of visits is 5 times per week in the first treatment week and 1 to 3 times per month in later treatment periods. Another visit will be scheduled for the participants within 30 days after the last treatment in the study.

During the study, the study team will:

• take blood and urine samples
• do physical and vital signs examinations
• examine heart health using ECG and Echocardiogram
• check the tumor status and if the participants' cancer has grown and/or spread using imaging techniques
• take tumor samples
• ask questions about the impact of the disease on the participants' general well-being and activities of daily life.

About 90 days after the participants receive their last treatment and discontinued the study, the doctors will check the participants' health. In case a new anticancer therapy has been started, medical problems will be recorded via a phone call.

The study team will continue to check the participants' cancer status about every 12 weeks until their cancer gets worse, the start of a new anti-cancer therapy, or withdrawal of consent. In addition, every 6 months for up to 24 months after the last participant left the study the study team will check the participants' survival and subsequent anticancer treatment by phone until the end of this study.

Inclusion Criteria:

• Capable of giving signed informed consent.
• Has received, been intolerant to, or been ineligible for all treatment options proven to confer clinical benefit.
• Measurable disease per Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) 1.1.
• Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) Performance status (PS) of 0 or 1.
• Adequate renal and liver function.
• Male individuals and female individuals of childbearing potential who engage in heterosexual intercourse must agree to use methods of contraception.
• Female participants are eligible if they are not pregnant, not breastfeeding or not a Woman of childbearing potential (WOCBP).
• Inclusion criterion for the dose-escalation: Individuals with histologically or cytologically confirmed, advanced or metastatic solid tumors.
• Inclusion criteria for disease-specific combination expansion: Individuals with histologically or cytologically confirmed triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), gastric cancer, melanoma, or head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC).
• Inclusion criterion for the monotherapy-MoA expansion: Individuals with histologically or cytologically confirmed NSCLC, TNBC, HNSCC, or melanoma.
• Willingness and medical feasibility (as per Investigator assessment) to undergo paired tumor biopsies with a non-significant risk.

Exclusion Criteria:

• A known additional malignancy that is progressing or has required active treatment within the past 3 years.
• Primary central nervous system malignancy.
• Major surgery ≤ 28 days before start of study treatment.
• Any unresolved toxicity of Grade ≥ 2, not otherwise specified in other eligibility criteria, from previous anticancer treatment, except for alopecia and skin pigmentation.
• Uncontrolled intercurrent illness requiring systemic treatment or solid organ transplant.
• Known hypersensitivity to study treatment or any drugs similar in structure or class, including severe hypersensitivity (≥ Grade 3) to pembrolizumab and/or any of its excipients.
• Any prior immune-related toxicity (Grade 3 or 4) leading to discontinuation of immunotherapy.
• History of congestive heart failure New York Heart Association (NYHA) >II.
• Medical history of (non-infectious) pneumonitis/interstitial lung disease (ILD), drug-induced ILD, radiation pneumonitis which required steroid treatment, or any evidence of clinically-active pneumonitis/ILD.
• HIV-infection with a history of Kaposi sarcoma and/or Multicentric Castleman Disease.
• Known psychiatric or substance abuse disorder that would interfere with the participant's ability to cooperate with the requirements of the study.
• History or current evidence of any condition, therapy, laboratory abnormality, or other circumstance that might confound the results of the study or interfere with the participant's participation for the full duration of the study, such that it is not in the best interest of the participant to participate, in the opinion of the treating Investigator.
• Any other history, condition, therapy, or uncontrolled intercurrent illness which could in the opinion of the Investigator affect compliance with study requirements.
• New brain metastases on screening brain MRI/CT; previously treated brain metastases that are progressive at screening or leptomeningeal disease.
• Prior therapy with a C-C motif chemokine receptor 8 (CCR8) depleting antibody.
• Prior allogeneic tissue/solid organ transplant.
• Radiation therapy to the lung that is > 30 Gy within 6 months before the start of study treatment.
• Diagnosis of immunodeficiency or current chronic systemic steroid therapy (in dosing exceeding 10 mg daily of prednisone equivalent).
• Active autoimmune disease that has required systemic treatment in the past 2 years.

Availability of this study's data will later be determined according to Bayer's commitment to the EFPIA/PhRMA "Principles for responsible clinical trial data sharing". This pertains to scope, timepoint and process of data access.

As such, Bayer commits to sharing upon request from qualified researchers patient-level clinical trial data, study-level clinical trial data, and protocols from clinical trials in patients for medicines and indications approved in the US and EU as necessary for conducting legitimate research. This applies to data on new medicines and indications that have been approved by the EU and US regulatory agencies on or after January 01, 2014.

Interested researchers can use www.clinicalstudydatarequest.com to request access to anonymized patient-level data and supporting documents from clinical studies to conduct research. Information on the Bayer criteria for listing studies and other relevant information is provided in the Study sponsors section of the portal.