Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
The aim of the study is to determine the importance and impact of resistive breathing techniques versus inspiratory hold techniques in patients with chronic bronchitis and specially to find out if there are any changes seen in results measured via the incentive spirometer.
Chronic Bronchitis (CB) is defined as a chronic cough and sputum production for at least 3 months a year for 2 consecutive years. It is covered under the umbrella term of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD). Chronic bronchitis is thought to be caused by overproduction and hypersecretion of mucus by goblet cells. Epithelial cells lining the airway response to toxic, infectious stimuli by releasing inflammatory mediators and e.g. pro-inflammatory cytokines. During an acute exacerbation of chronic bronchitis, the bronchial mucous membrane becomes hyperemic and edematous with diminished bronchial mucociliary function. This, in turn, leads to airflow impediment because of
luminal obstruction to small airways. The airways become clogged by debris and this further increases the irritation. The characteristic cough of bronchitis is caused by the copious secretion of mucus in chronic bronchitis. Pseudostratified epithelium, highlighting the pseudostratified epithelial cells, goblets cells (shown in blue), then underlying connective tissue.(3) To determine the importance and impact of resistive breathing techniques versus inspiratory hold techniques in patients with chronic bronchitis and specially to find out if there are any changes seen in results measured via incentive spirometer. There are few studies done over it whereas purpose of this research work is to compare these techniques to get better results.
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Resistive Breathing Training group | Experimental | The patients performed two sessions each of 15 minutes session of resistive breathing for four days a week for six weeks using an inspiratory resistive device. Ask patient to take long slow inspirations while breathing through the resistive device |
|
| inspiratory hold technique | Active Comparator | With the patient in a comfortable position such as side lying or reclined, the therapist may assist the patient by placing both hands on abdominal area to provide proprioceptive feedback. Then in a relaxed tone of voice therapist instructs the patient to sniff quickly through the nose three times with slow, relaxed exhalations |
|
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Resistive Breathing Training group | Other | The patients performed two sessions each of 15 minutes session of resistive breathing for four days a week for six weeks using an inspiratory resistive device. Ask patient to take long slow inspirations while breathing through the resistive device |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| oxygen saturation | amount of oxygen traveling through your body with your red blood cells. Changes will be assessed at baseline, 3rd week and 6th weeks measured | Changes will be assessed at baseline, 3rd week and 6th weeks measured |
| Forced expiratory volume in one second | amount of air expired in first one second. Changes will be assessed at baseline, 3rd week and 6th weeks measured | Changes will be assessed at baseline, 3rd week and 6th weeks measured |
| Forced vital capacity | the total amount of air exhaled during the FEV test. Changes will be assessed at baseline, 3rd week and 6th weeks measured | Changes will be assessed at baseline, 3rd week and 6th weeks measured |
| FEV1/FVC ratio | the amount of air exhaled in the first second divided by all of the air exhaled during a maximal exhalation. | 6 weeks |
| shortness of breath measured through borge scale of dyspnea | shortness of breath. Changes will be assessed at baseline, 3rd week and 6th weeks measured | Changes will be assessed at baseline, 3rd week and 6th weeks measured |
| SGRQ questionnaire | how breathing problems effects quality of life . Changes will be assessed at baseline, 3rd week and 6th weeks measured | Changes will be assessed at baseline, 3rd week and 6th weeks measured |
Not provided
Not provided
Inclusion Criteria:
• Diagnosed with chronic bronchitis
Exclusion Criteria:
• Presence of any genetic disorders (cystic fibrosis).
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
| Name | Role | Phone | Extension | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ghazal Jamshaid, MS CPPT | Contact | 03040404851 | ghazaljamshaid141@gmail.com |
| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Wajeeha Zia, MSPT | Riphah International University | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mayo hospital | Lahore | Punjab Province | 53700 | Pakistan |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 33184115 | Background | Wang G, Hallberg J, Um Bergstrom P, Janson C, Pershagen G, Gruzieva O, van Hage M, Georgelis A, Bergstrom A, Kull I, Linden A, Melen E. Assessment of chronic bronchitis and risk factors in young adults: results from BAMSE. Eur Respir J. 2021 Mar 4;57(3):2002120. doi: 10.1183/13993003.02120-2020. Print 2021 Mar. | |
| 34098956 | Background |
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D029481 | Bronchitis, Chronic |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D001991 | Bronchitis |
| D012141 | Respiratory Tract Infections |
| D007239 | Infections |
| D001982 | Bronchial Diseases |
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
|
| inspiratory hold technique | Other | With the patient in a comfortable position such as side lying or reclined, the therapist may assist the patient by placing both hands on abdominal area to provide proprioceptive feedback. Then in a relaxed tone of voice therapist instructs the patient to sniff quickly through the nose three times with slow, relaxed exhalations |
|
| Andelid K, Ost K, Andersson A, Mohamed E, Jevnikar Z, Vanfleteren LEGW, Goransson M. Lung macrophages drive mucus production and steroid-resistant inflammation in chronic bronchitis. Respir Res. 2021 Jun 7;22(1):172. doi: 10.1186/s12931-021-01762-4. |
| 33524306 | Background | Samaha E, Vierlinger K, Weinhappel W, Godnic-Cvar J, Nohammer C, Koczan D, Thiesen HJ, Yanai H, Fraifeld VE, Ziesche R. Expression Profiling Suggests Loss of Surface Integrity and Failure of Regenerative Repair as Major Driving Forces for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Progression. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol. 2021 Apr;64(4):441-452. doi: 10.1165/rcmb.2020-0270OC. |
| 3769566 | Background | Belman MJ, Thomas SG, Lewis MI. Resistive breathing training in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Chest. 1986 Nov;90(5):662-9. doi: 10.1378/chest.90.5.662. |
| 17103142 | Background | Kim HK, Alhammouri MT, Mokhtar YM, Pinsky MR. Estimating left ventricular contractility using inspiratory-hold maneuvers. Intensive Care Med. 2007 Jan;33(1):181-9. doi: 10.1007/s00134-006-0443-8. Epub 2006 Nov 14. |
| D012140 |
| Respiratory Tract Diseases |
| D008173 | Lung Diseases, Obstructive |
| D008171 | Lung Diseases |
| D029424 | Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive |
| D002908 | Chronic Disease |
| D020969 | Disease Attributes |
| D010335 | Pathologic Processes |
| D013568 | Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms |