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This study aimed to assess the impact of e-mobile training, structured according to the Life Model, on the anxiety levels and daily living activities of patients who had undergone thyroidectomy.
The study was conducted as a prospective, two-arm (1:1), randomized controlled interventional study involving 68 patients. All patients received standard discharge protocols. In addition, patients in the intervention group received Life Model-based e-mobile education through a mobile application.
Trait anxiety was assessed before surgery, while state anxiety and activities of daily living were evaluated on postoperative days 3, 7, and 10. The study investigated whether e-mobile education could reduce anxiety levels and improve adaptation to daily living activities after thyroidectomy.
The study was designed as a prospective, two-arm (1:1), randomized controlled interventional study.
The study officially commenced in September 2021 with the development of the e-mobile intervention. During the preparatory phase (September 2021-February 2022), educational content was developed according to the Life Model, expert evaluations were completed, the mobile application was developed with the support of software engineers and graphic designers, pilot testing was conducted, and sample size calculations were performed.
Participant recruitment and data collection were conducted in the general surgery clinic of a university hospital between March and November 2022.
The sample consisted of patients who underwent partial thyroidectomy due to benign thyroid disease, were between 18 and 65 years of age, were able to communicate, used Android-based smartphones, and agreed to participate in the study.
A pilot study was conducted before the main trial, and sample size was determined using a priori power analysis. A total of 68 participants were included in the study and randomized into intervention and control groups.
The intervention group received Life Model-based e-mobile education in addition to standard discharge protocols. The e-mobile application was developed by the researchers with the support of software engineers and graphic designers. Educational content was structured according to the Activities of Daily Living Model developed by Roper, Logan, and Tierney. The application included information related to the preoperative, postoperative, and home-care periods, educational materials, frequently asked questions, questionnaires, reminder functions, and a messaging system.
The control group received standard discharge protocols only during the study period. After completion of the study, participants in the control group were provided access to the educational material.
Data were collected using the Personal Information Form, State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), and Activities of Daily Living Assessment and Monitoring Form. Trait anxiety was assessed preoperatively. State anxiety and activities of daily living were assessed on postoperative days 3, 7, and 10.
The primary objective of the study was to evaluate the effect of e-mobile education on anxiety levels following thyroidectomy. The secondary objective was to evaluate its effect on activities of daily living during the postoperative recovery period.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Application Group | Experimental | Participants in the intervention group received standard discharge protocols and Life Model-based e-mobile education. One day before surgery, the Personal Information Form and Trait Anxiety Scale were administered. The e-mobile application was installed on participants' Android smartphones and individual usernames and passwords were provided. Participants received approximately 15 minutes of one-to-one training on application use. The application included educational content related to preoperative, postoperative, and home-care periods, frequently asked questions, reminder notifications, questionnaires, and a messaging system. State Anxiety Scale and Activities of Daily Living Assessment and Monitoring Form were completed through the application on postoperative days 3, 7, and 10. Reminder notifications were sent through the application to support questionnaire completion. |
|
| Control Group | No Intervention | Participants in the control group received standard discharge protocols only during the study period. One day before surgery, the Personal Information Form and Trait Anxiety Scale were administered. On postoperative days 3, 7, and 10, the researcher contacted participants by telephone and administered the State Anxiety Scale and Activities of Daily Living Assessment and Monitoring Form. No e-mobile education was provided during the intervention period. After completion of the study, participants in the control group were provided access to the educational material. |
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| e-Mobile Application Patient Education for Patients with Thyroidectomy | Other | Its mobile application is prepared according to the "Android Operating System" and can be downloaded free of charge from the Google Play Store, it is an application that provides training and consultancy services for patients who have had thyroidectomy surgery. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| STAI State and Trait Anxiety Inventory | State and trait anxiety were assessed using the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI). Trait anxiety was assessed preoperatively, whereas state anxiety was assessed on postoperative days 3, 7, and 10. Higher scores indicate higher anxiety levels. | Preoperative assessment and postoperative days 3, 7, and 10 |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Assessment and Monitoring Form for Daily Living Activities | Activities of daily living were assessed using the Assessment and Monitoring Form for Daily Living Activities. The form evaluates patients' adaptation to daily living activities during the postoperative recovery period. Higher scores indicate greater difficulty in performing daily living activities. | Postoperative days 3, 7, and 10 |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Muaz GÜLŞEN | Adana | Adana | 01250 | Turkey (Türkiye) | ||
| Muaz Gülşen |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D001008 | Anxiety Disorders |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D001523 | Mental Disorders |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D013965 | Thyroidectomy |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D013507 | Endocrine Surgical Procedures |
| D013514 | Surgical Procedures, Operative |
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Prospective, 2-arm (1:1), simple randomized controlled interventional study.
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After the researh report is written, a third person will assing an intervention and control group to the letters
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| Adana |
| Asia |
| 01250 |
| Turkey (Türkiye) |