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Objective: This study evaluates the effect of 12-week clinical pilates exercises on young adults with mechanical low back pain.
Design: This is a randomized controlled trial. Setting: This study was conducted in a university's physiotherapy and exercise practice laboratory.
Cases: A total of 63 mechanical low back pain volunteers were included. Interventions: Participants were randomly assigned to the intervention group consisting of clinical Pilates exercises for 12 weeks (n = 31) or the control group not receiving any treatment (n = 32).
Objective: This study evaluates the effect of 12-week clinical pilates exercises on young adults with mechanical low back pain.
Design: This is a randomized controlled trial. Setting: This study was conducted in a university's physiotherapy and exercise practice laboratory.
Cases: A total of 63 mechanical low back pain volunteers were included. The diagnosis of mechanical low back pain was made by a physical medicine and rehabilitation physician. Exercises are performed by an experienced physiotherapist with Clinical Pilates certification.
Interventions: Participants were randomly assigned to the intervention group consisting of clinical Pilates exercises for 12 weeks (n = 31) or the control group not receiving any treatment (n = 32).
Leading measures: Dysfunction was evaluated with the Oswestry Dysfunction Index. The Oswestry Disability Index (ODI)7,9 is the most commonly used outcome-measure questionnaire for low back pain in a hospital setting. Low bak pain was evaluated with the Visual Analog Scale (VAS). VAS is a tool used to help a person rate the intensity of certain sensations and feelings, such as pain. The visual analog scale for pain is a straight line with one end meaning no pain and the other end meaning the worst pain imaginable. And flexibility was evaluated with the sit and reach test test. The sit and reach test is a common measure of flexibility, and specifically measures the flexibility of the lower back and hamstring muscles. Measurements were performed at baseline and the end of the 12th week of the study.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Control group | Other | Patients assigned to the control group were given theoretical training and a brochure containing MBA information. The control group patients participating in the evaluation session were recommended to be included in the same clinical Pilates training conducted by the intervention group after the study was completed. |
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| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Clinical Pilates Exercises | Other | Participants in the experimental group were included in the clinical Pilates intervention, which consisted of three weekly sessions for 50 minutes for 12 weeks. Clinical pilates sessions were performed by a clinically Pilates-certified instructor and a physiotherapist. The intervention was divided into three sections. Each session started with the warm-up section. The warm-up part started with breathing exercises, pelvic tilt centering, activation of deep trunk and pelvic floor muscles, and joint mobility. The Clinical Pilates exercises section consisted of matte level strength and flexibility exercises involving the trunk, upper and lower extremities. Finally, a cooling part was done that included some flexibility exercises. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Prim Outcome - Oswestry Dysability Index | Pain-related functional competence was evaluated with the Oswestry disability index (ODI). ODI is a questionnaire consisting of 10 questions measuring the severity of pain, personal care, lifting, walking, sitting, standing, social life, sleep, travel status, and cognitive status of pain. Each question is evaluated between 0-5 points, and the ratio of the received score to the total answered question score gives the patient score. It is known that functional competence decreases and disability increases as the total score increases. It is interpreted as 0% to 20% - minimum disability 20% to 40% - moderate disability; 40% to 60% - severe disability; 60% to 80% - disabled 80% to 100% - bed-bound (or exaggerated symptoms). | 12 weeks |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Sec Outcome - Visual Analogue Scale | Visual analog scale (VAS) scores were recorded to inquire about the pain status from the participants' registration information. In VAS, which is a horizontal line ten centimeters long, 0 indicates that there is no pain, while 10 indicates the most severe pain. Studies showed that VAS scores for those with chronic musculoskeletal pain corresponded to mild pain, 3.5 to 7.4 corresponded to moderate pain, and 7.5corresponds to severe pain. |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Erkan KOZANOGLU, Professor | Cukurova University, Faculty of Medicine | Study Chair |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cukurova University | Adana | Turkey (Türkiye) |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 24994051 | Background | Patrick N, Emanski E, Knaub MA. Acute and chronic low back pain. Med Clin North Am. 2014 Jul;98(4):777-89, xii. doi: 10.1016/j.mcna.2014.03.005. | |
| 24830644 | Background | Stoll J. THE LUMBAR SPINE: Mechanical Diagnosis and Therapy, R.A. Orthopedics. 1982 Oct;5(10):1378-82. doi: 10.3928/0147-7447-19821001-15. No abstract available. |
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Individual participant data (IPD) of this study available to other researchers.
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No individual participant data will be shared. Results will be published by the investigators in academic journals.
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D017116 | Low Back Pain |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D001416 | Back Pain |
| D010146 | Pain |
| D009461 | Neurologic Manifestations |
| D012816 | Signs and Symptoms |
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This is a randomized controlled trial. Participants were randomly assigned to the intervention group and control group.
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Due to the nature of the intervention, it was impossible to blind the participants and the researcher; however, we provided blinding during data collection.
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| 12 weeks |
| 25395111 | Background | Manchikanti L, Singh V, Falco FJ, Benyamin RM, Hirsch JA. Epidemiology of low back pain in adults. Neuromodulation. 2014 Oct;17 Suppl 2:3-10. doi: 10.1111/ner.12018. |
| 11064524 | Background | van Tulder M, Malmivaara A, Esmail R, Koes B. Exercise therapy for low back pain: a systematic review within the framework of the cochrane collaboration back review group. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2000 Nov 1;25(21):2784-96. doi: 10.1097/00007632-200011010-00011. |
| 15062718 | Background | Maher CG. Effective physical treatment for chronic low back pain. Orthop Clin North Am. 2004 Jan;35(1):57-64. doi: 10.1016/S0030-5898(03)00088-9. |
| 24965957 | Background | Natour J, Cazotti Lde A, Ribeiro LH, Baptista AS, Jones A. Pilates improves pain, function and quality of life in patients with chronic low back pain: a randomized controlled trial. Clin Rehabil. 2015 Jan;29(1):59-68. doi: 10.1177/0269215514538981. Epub 2014 Jun 25. |
| D013568 |
| Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms |