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Totally endoscopic cardiac surgery (TECS) is considered to have aesthetic advantages over conventional median sternotomy due to the smaller incisions. Most research regarding TECS focuses on clinical outcomes instead of cosmetic consequences. Following surgery, postoperative scarring is unavoidable and may negatively affect the patient's physical and emotional well-being. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the cosmesis after TECS.
Totally endoscopic cardiac surgery (TECS) is considered to have aesthetic advantages over conventional median sternotomy due to the smaller incisions. Most research regarding TECS focuses on clinical outcomes instead of cosmetic consequences. Following surgery, postoperative scarring is unavoidable and may negatively affect the patient's physical and emotional well-being. One previous study compared median sternotomy cardiac surgery and TECS in terms of the long-term cosmetic appearance of postoperative scars. They concluded that scars were considered more satisfactory, less painful, and itchy in the TECS group in the Chinese population. To our knowledge, this is the only study published regarding cosmetic consequences after TECS. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the cosmesis after TECS.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Totally endoscopic aortic/mitral valve replacement | Study procedures include the Scar Cosmesis Assessment and Rating (SCAR) scale and numerical rating scale (NRS) questionnaire at one, 14 and 30 days after totally endoscopic aortic/mitral valve replacement. Additionally, a photo of the incisions will be taken at these time points. |
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| Totally endoscopic coronary artery bypass grafting | Study procedures include the Scar Cosmesis Assessment and Rating (SCAR) scale and numerical rating scale (NRS) questionnaire at one, 14 and 30 days after totally endoscopic coronary artery bypass grafting. Additionally, a photo of the incisions will be taken at these time points. |
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| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Scar Cosmesis Assessment and Rating (SCAR) scale | Other | The SCAR scale consists of two simple questions about symptoms (itch and pain) with yes/no response options that are responded to by the patient and six clinician-related items that are rated by observers through photos of the incisions. This scale includes both objective measurements and patient-reported symptoms |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Evaluate the cosmesis through the Scar Cosmesis Assessment and Rating (SCAR) scale at postoperative day one. | The SCAR scale includes both objective measurements and patient-reported symptoms. A low score corresponds to a good scar cosmesis and a high score to a bad scar cosmesis. | Postoperative day one |
| Evaluate the cosmesis through the Scar Cosmesis Assessment and Rating (SCAR) scale at postoperative day 14. | The SCAR scale includes both objective measurements and patient-reported symptoms. A low score corresponds to a good scar cosmesis and a high score to a bad scar cosmesis. | Postoperative day 14 |
| Evaluate the cosmesis through the Scar Cosmesis Assessment and Rating (SCAR) scale at postoperative day 30. | The SCAR scale includes both objective measurements and patient-reported symptoms. A low score corresponds to a good scar cosmesis and a high score to a bad scar cosmesis. | Postoperative day 30 |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Cosmetic assessment from the patients through the numerical rating scale (NRS) at postoperative day one. | The cosmetic appearance of the scar is scored from 0 to 10, whereas 0 contributes to not satisfied with the scar and 10 with very satisfied with the scar. | Postoperative day one |
| Cosmetic assessment from the patients through the numerical rating scale (NRS) at postoperative day 14. |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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All patients that undergo totally endoscopic aortic valve replacement (TEAVR), totally endoscopic mitral valve (MVATS) and totally endoscopic coronary artery bypass grafting (Endo-CABG) at the Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery of the Jessa Hospital, Hasselt will be screened for eligibility.
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Alaaddin Yilmaz, MD | Jessa Hospital | Study Chair |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Jessa Hospital | Hasselt | Limburg | Belgium |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D002921 | Cicatrix |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D005355 | Fibrosis |
| D010335 | Pathologic Processes |
| D013568 | Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D014894 | Weights and Measures |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D008919 | Investigative Techniques |
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| Numerical rating scale (NRS) | Other | The NRS scale, in which the patients score the cosmetic appearance of the scar from 0 to 10, is questioned. |
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The cosmetic appearance of the scar is scored from 0 to 10, whereas 0 contributes to not satisfied with the scar and 10 with very satisfied with the scar. |
| Postoperative day 14 |
| Cosmetic assessment from the patients through the numerical rating scale (NRS) at postoperative day 30. | The cosmetic appearance of the scar is scored from 0 to 10, whereas 0 contributes to not satisfied with the scar and 10 with very satisfied with the scar. | Postoperative day 30 |