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Metabolic associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) has currently reached a worldwide epidemic. Serum PRL levels within or outside physiological range have been found to affect metabolic homeostasis differently. However, the relationship between serum PRL and MAFLD among diabetic patients is unclear. The investigators aimed to explore the association between serum PRL and the risk of MAFLD in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM).
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| MAFLD and Non-MAFLD |
| ||
| Steatosis and Non-Steatosis |
| ||
| Fibrosis and Non-Fibrosis |
|
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| non-invasive method, Fibroscan | Other | Liver Ultrasound and transient elastography (FibroScan®) |
|
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Diagnosis of MAFLD proposed by the international expert consensus statement in 2020 | MAFLD was diagnosed based on evidence of ultrasonically diagnosed hepatic steatosis in addition to one of the three criteria proposed by the international expert consensus statement in 2020, namely overweight/obesity, T2DM, or metabolic dysregulation regardless of alcohol consumption or other concomitant liver diseases. Metabolic dysregulation was defined by the presence of at least two metabolic risk abnormalities found in lean or normal weight patients, including hypertension, dyslipidemia, hyperglycemia, IR, and high CRP levels. | 2019-2024 |
| PRL | serum prolactin levels | 2019-2024 |
| High PRL (HP) | HP was defined as serum PRL ≥ 324mIU/L in males or ≥ 496mIU/L in females according to the normal reference value of serum PRL in our hospital. | 2019-2024 |
| Normal PRL (NP) | NP was defined as serum PRL < 324mIU/L in males or < 496mIU/L in females. | 2019-2024 |
| Diagnosis of hepatic steatosis | Those who have hepatic steatosis if CAP value ≥ 248 dB/m, which was obtained from transient elastography (FibroScan®) using the M probe or the XL probe. | 2019-2024 |
| Diagnosis of significant hepatic fibrosis | those who have significant hepatic fibrosis if LSM ≥ 7.0 kPa and ≥ 6.2 kPa (using either M or XL probes) | 2019-2024 |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Homeostasis model assessment of IR (HOMA-IR) | HOMA-IR was calculated as described by Matthews et al: FPG (mmol/L) × FINS (mU/L) /22.5. | 2019-2024 |
| Hypertension | it was defined by blood pressure ≥130/85mmHg or antihypertensive drugs. |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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Patients with T2DM who met the inclusion and criteria criteria were consecutively enrolled.
| Name | Role | Phone | Extension | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Shen Qu | Contact | +862166301064 | qushencn@hotmail.com |
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| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital | Recruiting | Shanghai | Shanghai Municipality | 200072 | China |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D065626 | Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease |
| D008103 | Liver Cirrhosis |
| D003924 | Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D005234 | Fatty Liver |
| D008107 | Liver Diseases |
| D004066 | Digestive System Diseases |
| D005355 | Fibrosis |
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| 2019-2024 |
| Dyslipidemia | it was defined by plasma TG ≥ 1.7mmol/L in the total population or plasma HDL-C < 1.0 mmol/L for men and < 1.3 mmol/L for women, or specific drug treatment. | 2019-2024 |
| Overweight or obesity | it was defined as BMI ≥ 23 kg/m2 in Asians. | 2019-2024 |
| Abdominal obesity | It was diagnosed when WC ≥ 90/80 cm in Asian men and women. | 2019-2024 |
| T2DM | it was diagnosed according to the guideline for the prevention and treatment of T2DM in China (2020 edition) | 2019-2024 |
| High CRP | plasma CRP > 2 mg/L | 2019-2024 |
| High HOMA-IR | HOMA-IR≥ 2.5 | 2019-2024 |
| D010335 |
| Pathologic Processes |
| D013568 | Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms |
| D003920 | Diabetes Mellitus |
| D044882 | Glucose Metabolism Disorders |
| D008659 | Metabolic Diseases |
| D009750 | Nutritional and Metabolic Diseases |
| D004700 | Endocrine System Diseases |