Percutaneous cholecystostomy is used to reduce the complications and mortality associated with surgery in patients with high surgical risk in acute cholecystitis. Although this method generally acts as a bridge treatment for interval cholecystectomy in patients, interval cholecystectomy is not performed in every patient after percutaneous cholecystostomy. The aim of this study was to determine the recurrence rate of patients who did not have interval cholecystectomy after treatment with percutaneous cholecystostomy and to investigate the factors that may affect the recurrence.

Acute cholecystitis is an inflammatory disease of the gallbladder and is often associated with cholelithiasis. According to Tokyo Guide 2018 (TG18), acute cholecystitis is grouped with various risk factors and predictive factors. Early laparoscopic cholecystectomy or late cholecystectomy after medical therapy is recommended for patients with grades 1 and 2. On the other hand, non-operative treatments such as percutaneous cholecystostomy catheter and antibiotic therapy are recommended for selected patients with high surgical risk and serious comorbidities in order to prevent morbidity and mortality. They suggested that percutaneous cholecystostomy catheter could be used as the definitive treatment of acute cholecystitis in these high-risk patients who are not suitable for surgery. Debate continues as to whether cholecystectomy is necessary for these patients. Because studies have shown that the recurrence rate of acute cholecystitis after percutaneous cholecystostomy catheter treatment varies between 4% and 22%. For these reasons, assessing the risk of recurrence of acute cholecystitis in patients initially treated with percutaneous cholecystostomy is essential to aid decision making.

Inclusion Criteria:

• Diagnosed with acute cholecystitis on admission to the emergency department
• Patients treated with percutaneous cholecystostomy catheter according to TK18 acute cholecystitis diagnosis and treatment guideline
• Patients older than 18 years
• Patients who can give their own consent

Exclusion Criteria:

• Patients with missing data or not followed up regularly
• Patients whose cholecystostomy catheter was removed during the operation or operated within the first year following the catheter extraction
• Patients with choledocholithiasis, abscess secondary to acute cholecystitis, or hepatopancreatobiliary system malignancy
• Patients who are pregnant

Patients treated with percutaneous cholecystostomy catheter due to acute cholecystitis will be included in the study. Admission to hospital up to 1 year after the acute cholecystitis attack will be retrospectively screened through the hospital data system. The collected data will be statistically analyzed in SPSS.

The datasets used and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.