FDA requested manufacturers of Oxandrolone Tablets, to voluntarily remove previously approved drug applications for Oxandrolone from the U.S. market & the funding decided to prematurely terminate the funding.

The primary aim of this study is to examine the effect of Oxandrolone supplementation after lower extremity high energy fracture on muscle volume recovery. As Oxandrolone supplementation has never been examined in this patient population, the primary null hypothesis is that there will be no difference in measured thigh muscle mass volume between Oxandrolone supplementation and placebo administration groups.

Lower extremity fractures associated with high-energy mechanisms of injury (combat injuries including blast or crush injuries, motor vehicle accidents, fall from significant height, gunshot injuries) are unfortunately common among active service members and civilians presenting to level-1 trauma centers worldwide. High-energy fractures have several unique characteristics that distinguish them from low-energy injuries. They typically occur in predominately younger, male patients (30-65 years old)1 and involve significant soft-tissue stripping or damage. These patients require at least one major reconstructive surgery, with the majority requiring multiple reconstructive surgeries, each associated with additional soft tissue injury and subsequent prolonged immobilization to facilitate limb stabilization. Despite extended rehabilitation focused on neuromuscular retraining and muscular development, the result is often permanent limitations of ambulation and medical retirement from active duty due to volumetric muscle loss. So, while advances in orthopedic approaches to fracture care have lowered complications such as non-union and malunion, rendering them less significant as limitations to restoring function soft-tissue complications now predominate.

Oxandrolone has been successfully utilized to accelerate muscular recovery, reduce muscle loss, and improve function in several populations including healthy elderly patients with frailty/sarcopenia, patients with large surface area burns, neuromuscular diseases, HIV, congenital heart disease and genetic diseases including Klinefelter's and Turner's Syndromes. In addition, Oxandrolone has also been safely used in pediatric patients to treat constitutionally delayed growth. Given the similarities in patient populations and the known limitations of volumetric muscle loss in military personnel and civilians after major trauma, Oxandrolone supplementation may reduce initial volumetric muscle loss and improve long-term muscle mass and function.

Inclusion Criteria:

1. Male
2. Ages 18-55 [inclusive]
3. Skeletally-mature as based upon tibial or femoral physeal closure41
4. Fracture of the femur or tibia treated with open reduction and internal fixation (simple articular patterns allowed).
5. High energy injuries with associated local soft tissue damage. -

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Unable to participate in rehabilitation including severe head injury, pre-existing TBI or cognitive dysfunction (stroke, dementia, documented developmental delay), patients with significant spinal cord injury or pre-accident paralytic injury or condition will beessential treatment in both intervention and control groups.

2. Medically unfit for anabolic steroid treatment including those with active malignancy, concurrent prednisone use, elevated liver enzymes at baseline (baseline bloodwork to include LFT)

3. Fracture due to primary or metastatic bone lesion

4. Any contraindications to MRI.

5. Patients with major psychiatric illness [trauma presentation for suicide attempts] and incarcerated patients will be excluded as they may lack autonomy, decision-making capacity and the ability to meet follow-ups.

6. Patients with substance use disorders, due to increased abuse potential and possible baseline hepatic injury.

7. Patients who are on blood thinning medication, at baseline.

8. Patients receiving hormone treatment.

9. Patients with active cancers.

10. Patients with a history of hypercalcemia/parathyroid disease and chronic renal disease.

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All participants, clinicians, and staff will be blinded to the intervention groups. All patients with an adverse event will be reviewed by an onsite internal medicine affiliated with the study but not directly in recruitment or assessment of outcomes. Emergency unblinding will be allowed if participants present with an adverse event that in the opinion of consulting physicians is not explained by other causes AND knowing the treatment allocation will aid in the patient's management. The blind may be broken only with the permission of the Principal Investigator.