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Functional dyspepsia (FD) is one of most common chronic gastrointestinal disorders. Several types of drugs were demonstrated to be effective in reduction or remission of symptoms and severity of FD, including proton pump inhibitors (PPI), Tricyclic antidepressant and prokinetics. However, the clinical course of FD after taking medication-based treatment was unknown. Furthermore, 20-50% patients remained persistent or worsening of dyspepsia symptoms after treatment. Previous studies have suggested psychological factors (eg. anxiety, sleep disturbance) were related to less improvement of symptoms in natural clinical course. However, there is limited evidence in terms of clinical and psychological factors for less improvement in patients receiving medication treatment for dyspepsia.
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| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| score of 4 (slightly better) or 5 (much better) on a 5-point Likert scale assessing symptom improvement at 6 months after the initial visit | A 5-point likert scale was used for accessing symptom relief. 1. Worse, 2,slightly worse, 3.same, 4.slightly better, 5.much better. A score of 4 or 5 was classified as relief response. | 6 months |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| subtypes of functional dyspepsia | functional dyspepsia was classified into three subgroups：(1) Postprandial Distress Syndrome, defined as Bothersome postprandial fullness or/and Bothersome early satiation. (2) Bothersome epigastric pain AND/OR Bothersome epigastric burning. (3) mixed syndrome, defined when postprandial distress syndrome and epigastric pain syndrome presented simultaneously. | 6 months |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
Patients with local or systemic diseases which may cause dyspeptic symptoms:
Known active peptic ulcer, cholecystitis, gallstone, gastrointestinal obstruction, gastroparesis, and etc.; Known acute or chronic injury of liver or kidney; Obvious hematological abnormality, or endocrine and metabolic diseases; Known malignancy; Obvious cardiovascular or cerebrovascular diseases (such as coronary heart disease, arrhythmia, cerebral infarction and etc.; Other conditions which may be associated with dyspeptic symptoms (such as NSAIDs associated dyspepsia)
organ failure defined by Marshall standard
severe psychiatric illnesses
known malignancy
pregnancy or lactation
unable to provide consent
suspected or identified bowel obstruction
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Patients aged ≥ 18 years old who met criteria of functional dyspepsia defined by Rome IV were eligible for our study.
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| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Lanzhou University Second Hospital | Lanzhou | Gansu | China | |||
| The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University |
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| Short Form of Nepean Dyspepsia Index (SF-NDI) | The SF-NDI consists of 10 questions regarding the effects of dyspepsia symptoms ("stomach problems") on different aspects of life (tension, interference with daily activities, eating/drinking, knowledge/control, and work/study). Each response can be from 1 (not at all affected) to 5 (extremely affected), or 0 (N/A), for a total summed score out of 50. | 1 day |
| Hospital anxiety and depression scale | Anxiety and depression of patients are assessed by using Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale.It contains 14 items (7 anxiety and 7 depression), which assess symptoms experienced during the past week on a 0-3 scale. A subscore of > 8 for depression or anxiety would indicate a clinical case. | 1 day |
| Quality of Life scores assessed by Patient-reported outcomes measurement information system (PROMIS) Global-10 questionaire. | Quality of Life scores assessed by Patient-reported outcomes measurement information system (PROMIS) Global-10 questionnaire. PROMIS Global-10 is a newly validated 10-question survey used to assess health care-related quality of life measures for the general population. It's a 10-item patient-reported questionnaire in which the response options are presented as 5-point (as well as a single 11-point) rating scales. These scores are then standardized to the general population, using the "T-Score". The average "T-Score" for the United States population is 50 points, with a standard deviation of 10 points. Higher scores indicate a healthier patient and a better quality of life. | 1 day |
| the change of Global Overall Symptom score (GOSS) | The GOSS consists of 10 cardinal items (epigastric pain, epigastric discomfort, Heartburn, acid regurgitation, upper abdominal bloating, belching, nausea, early satiety, postprandial fullness, other epigastric symptoms(eg. epigastric burning). Each item can be scored from 1 (no) to 7 (worst). | 1month, 3 months, 6 months,12 months |
| Adequate relief rate | Patients had adequate relief of symptoms in the past 7 days. | 1month, 3 months, 6 months,12 months |
| the change of Functional dyspepsia symptom diary (FDSD) score | The FDSD consists of 5 cardinal items (burning in the stomach, stomach pain, bloating, postprandial fullness, and early satiety) and 3 supplementary items (nausea, burping/belching rating, and burping/belching bother). Each item can be scored from 0 (no) to 10 (worst). | 1month, 3 months, 6 months,12 months |
| Xi'an |
| Shaanxi |
| 710032 |
| China |
| Xijing 986 Hospita | Xi'an | Shaanxi | 710032 | China |
| Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases | Xi'an | Shaanxi | 710032 | China |