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Dyspepsia is a very common gastrointestinal disease. Some medications, were associated with higher frequent incidences of dyspepsia, including non-steroid anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), Bisphosphonates, Tetracyclines, et al. Multiple medications were suggested to be strongly relate to adverse drug events (ADEs), adverse drug reactions (ADRs), drug-drug interactions, and drug-disease interactions, which may cause gastrointestinal(GI) dysfunction or injury to the GI mucosa. However, it was unclear whether multiple medications was associated with more severe symptoms of dyspepsia and dyspepsia-based score systems.
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| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| The rate of patients with severe dyspepsia judged by patients | Patients rated the severity of dyspepsia as mild, moderate, and severe by themselves | 1 day |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Global Overall Symptom score (GOSS) | The GOSS consists of 10 cardinal items (epigastric pain, epigastric discomfort, Heartburn, acid regurgitation, upper abdominal bloating, belching, nausea, early satiety, postprandial fullness, other epigastric symptoms(eg. epigastric burning). Each item can be scored from 1 (no) to 7 (worst). | 1 days |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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Patients aged ≥ 18 years old who met broad criteria of dyspepsia were eligible for our study.
| Name | Role | Phone | Extension | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Yanglin Pan | Contact | 13991811225 | yanglinpan@hotmail.com |
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| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Lanzhou University Second Hospital | Not yet recruiting | Lanzhou | Gansu | China |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D004415 | Dyspepsia |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D012817 | Signs and Symptoms, Digestive |
| D012816 | Signs and Symptoms |
| D013568 | Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms |
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| Functional dyspepsia |
Functional dyspepsia was defined by Rome IV criteria. Patients diagnosed as Rome IV criteria met the following criteria: by one or more of the following symptoms: postprandial fullness, early satiation, epigastric pain, and epigastric burning that are unexplained after a routine clinical evaluation, Criteria fulfilled for the last 3 months with symptom onset at least 6 months before diagnosis. |
| 1 days |
| organic upper gastrointestinal (GI) diseases. | All included patients underwent upper GI endoscopy and abdominal ultrasound and H. Pylori test. Barrett's esophagus, esophageal candidiasis, esophageal cancer, gastric ulcer, gastric erosion, gastric cancer, duodenal ulcer, duodenal erosion, cholecystitis, pancreatitis and biliary stones were classified as organic upper GI diseases. | 1 day |
| subtypes of functional dyspepsia | functional dyspepsia was classified into three subgroups：(1) Postprandial Distress Syndrome, defined as Bothersome postprandial fullness or/and Bothersome early satiation. (2) Bothersome epigastric pain AND/OR Bothersome epigastric burning. (3) mixed syndrome, defined when postprandial distress syndrome and epigastric pain syndrome presented simultaneously. | 6 months |
| Short Form of Nepean Dyspepsia Index (SF-NDI) | The SF-NDI consists of 10 questions regarding the effects of dyspepsia symptoms ("stomach problems") on different aspects of life (tension, interference with daily activities, eating/drinking, knowledge/control, and work/study). Each response can be from 1 (not at all affected) to 5 (extremely affected), or 0 (N/A), for a total summed score out of 50. | 1 day |
| Hospital anxiety and depression scale | Anxiety and depression of patients are assessed by using Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale.It contains 14 items (7 anxiety and 7 depression), which assess symptoms experienced during the past week on a 0-3 scale. A subscore of > 8 for depression or anxiety would indicate a clinical case. | 1 day |
| Quality of Life scores | Quality of Life scores assessed by Patient-reported outcomes measurement information system (PROMIS) Global-10 questionnaire.PROMIS Global-10 is a newly validated 10-question survey used to assess health care-related quality of life measures for the general population. It's a 10-item patient-reported questionnaire in which the response options are presented as 5-point (as well as a single 11-point) rating scales. These scores are then standardized to the general population, using the "T-Score". The average "T-Score" for the United States population is 50 points, with a standard deviation of 10 points. Higher scores indicate a healthier patient and a better quality of life. | 1 day |
| Number of Participants with other functional gastrointestinal diseases | Other functional gastrointestinal diseases，such as irritable bowel syndrome(IBS) or functional heartburn，etc. | 1 day |
| Functional dyspepsia symptom diary (FDSD) score | The FDSD consists of 5 cardinal items (burning in the stomach, stomach pain, bloating, postprandial fullness, and early satiety) and 3 supplementary items (nausea, burping/belching rating, and burping/belching bother). Each item can be scored from 0 (no) to 10 (worst). Total Symptom Score includes the 5 cardinal items and ranges from 0 to 50 | 1 days |
| The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University | Not yet recruiting | Xi'an | Shaanxi | 710032 | China |
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| Xijing 986 Hospital | Not yet recruiting | Xi'an | Shaanxi | 710032 | China |
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| Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases | Recruiting | Xi'an | Shaanxi | 710032 | China |
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