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The main aim is to determine whether a gait retraining intervention will improve the strength of the foot-ankle muscle, the running economy and reduce the injury incidence in a one-year follow-up study. The secondary aim is to seek whether a minimal foot-ankle strength is necessary to reduce the risk to sustain to a running-related-injury to transit toward a forefoot strike pattern or toward a minimalist footwear for an endurance runner.
Participants will be assessed at baseline, at 2 month follow-up, at 6 month follow-up and at 12 month follow-up. Assessment will be composed by questionnaires, a foot screening, maximal voluntary isometric strength of foot-ankle muscle with hand held dynamometer. Then, participants will run on a treadmill at self-paced and at 10 km/h with to measure their running economy and their footstrike pattern. In function of their distribution, participants will receive either nothing (control group) or minimalist footwear or a training to modify their footstrike pattern toward a more forefoot strike.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Minimalist footwear | Experimental | Transition toward a minimalist footwear. |
|
| Footstrike pattern | Experimental | Transition toward a forefootstrike pattern. |
|
| Control | No Intervention | No intervention |
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gait retraining intervention | Behavioral | Participants will receive a training to modify their footstrike pattern toward a more forefoot strike and increase their cadence by 7.5%. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Change in foot-ankle strength | Measure of maximal voluntary isometric strength of ankle plantar flexors, hallux flexors, lesser toe flexors with hand held dynamometer. | Change from Baseline foot-ankle strength at 2 month follow-up, Change from Baseline foot-ankle strength at 6 month follow-up, Change from Baseline foot-ankle strength at 12 month follow-up |
| Change in running economy | Measure of oxygen uptake was during steady state run on a treadmill at 10 km/h and at self-paced with was recorded using Ergocard device. Then, running economy was caluled with the formula: Energetic cost = 16.89 * Vo2 + 4.84*VCo2 | Change from Baseline running-economy at 2 month follow-up, Change from Baseline running economy at 6 month follow-up, Change from Baseline running economy at 12 month follow-up |
| Running-related-injuries | Number of running related injuries per participant | At any time during the 12 month follow-up |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Guillaume Abran | Liège | 4000 | Belgium |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 41476413 | Derived | Abran G, Schwartz C, Dardenne N, Delvaux F, Croisier JL. Minimalist Footwear and Softer Running Technique Alter Injury Location but Not Incidence in Recreational Endurance Runners. Am J Sports Med. 2026 Jan;54(1):109-117. doi: 10.1177/03635465251392242. Epub 2026 Jan 1. |
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| Transition to minimalist footwear. | Device | Participants will receive a running minimalist footwear. |
|
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D014947 | Wounds and Injuries |
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