Subjects were recruited from outpatients with CVDs, under 18 years of age. All pa-tients have been verified the willingness of participating before the experiment. Patients was excluded if having abnormal blood pressure response, unstable angina pectoris, acute heart failure, congenital heart disease, and severe musculoskeletal diseases limiting.

The process of APBCRE consisted of four parts: breathing training and warm-up, aerobic exercise, resistance exercise, and flexibility exercise. The first part lasted for 5-15 minutes, based on balance exercise. The specific steps of balance exercise included stretching of upper limbs, legs, waist, and other parts. And the second part was generally moderate-intensity endurance exercise, thresholding for 60%-75% VO2max/kg metabolic equivalents (METs), 60%-70% maximum heart rate, rating of perceived exertion (RPE) Borg grade 12-13. The exercise duration of this part was usually 30 min. During the self-created APBCRE, the resistance exercise was carried out with the help of the body-building vehicle, and its power was adjusted based on danger assessment level and oxygen uptake at anaerobic threshold. The last part usually lasted for 5-10 min for each-level participants. The total exercise time for one session was generally 50-70 min.

Cardiopulmonary exercise testing

Using 12-Item Short Form Survey questionnaire to assess the quality of life

Resting metabolic rate