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| Name | Class |
|---|---|
| University College Cork | OTHER |
| Technical University of Munich | OTHER |
| Quadram Institute Bioscience | OTHER |
| University of Aarhus |
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The overall aim of the project is to investigate how bowel habits and nutrition in early life relate to the infant gut microbiome and metabolome from birth to 1 year of age. By unravelling links between these factors in early life, we might be able to identify new putative mechanisms by which diet via microbiota-dependent pathways affects intestinal motility in early life. Furtermore, it will be explored how the development of the gut microbiome associates with the child´s development.
A cohort including 125 mother/infant pairs will be established with the purpose of following the infants' progression in diet, bowel habits, gut and oral microbiome, gut and oral metabolome, physiological and mental development from birth to 12 months of age. This will be possible by longitudinal collection and analysis of biological samples and data from birth until 1 year of age.
The primary hypotheses to be tested are that early dietary patterns (composition, complexity, quality, and timing) and bowel habits (stool frequency, consistency, and transit time) are associated with the development of the infant gut microbial composition and metabolism.
The secondary hypotheses to be tested are that the development of the infant gut microbial composition and metabolism associate with growth (body weight, length, body mass index, head circumference, body composition), development of the immune system as reflected in the gut (fecal cytokines, immunoglobulins, lipopolysaccharide, antigens) as well as the systemic circulation (blood cytokines, immune cells), host metabolism (blood metabolome, appetite hormones, urine metabolome), and physical development (sleep, motor development, mental development).
The tertiary hypotheses to be tested are that the establishment and development of the infant gut microbiome is associated with external environmental factors (household, siblings, maternal diet, maternal fecal microbiome, maternal physical activity, birth conditions, and perinatal factors), and internal factors (infant oral cavity, tooth development, use of pacifier).
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| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Longitudinal study | Other | Longitudinal study following infant development from birth to 1 year of age |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Infant gut microbiome composition | Changes in gut microbiome measured by DNA/RNA sequencing of longitudinal faecal samples from infants | Faecal samples collected bi-weekly from birth until 12 months |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Infant gut metabolome | Faecal metabolome as assessed by untargeted metabolomics | Faecal samples collected bi-weekly from birth until 12 months |
| Infant bowel habits | Changes in bowel habits as measured by stool frequency, stool consistency and stool colour from birth through to 12 months of age |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Infant faecal short-chain fatty acids | Changes in short-chain fatty acid production as measured by targeted metabolomics | Faecal samples collected bi-weekly from birth until 12 months |
| Infant blood metabolome |
Mothers Inclusion Criteria:
Mothers Exclusion Criteria:
Infants Inclusion Criteria:
- Gestational age at birth: 36 weeks or later
Infants Exclusion Criteria:
- Severe chronic illness
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Healthy population
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| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| University of Copenhagen, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports | Copenhagen | 1958 | Denmark |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 40533209 | Derived | Stolberg-Mathieu G, Mikkelsen LS, Gottlieb AD, Molgaard C, Roager HM. The MOTILITY Mother-Child Cohort: a Danish prospective longitudinal cohort study of the infant gut microbiome, nutrition and bowel habits - a study protocol. BMJ Open. 2025 Jun 18;15(6):e094965. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2024-094965. |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D008137 | Longitudinal Studies |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D015331 | Cohort Studies |
| D016021 | Epidemiologic Studies |
| D016020 | Epidemiologic Study Characteristics |
| D004812 | Epidemiologic Methods |
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| OTHER |
| Technical University of Denmark | OTHER |
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| Bi-weekly from birth until 12 months |
| Infant intestinal transit time | Intestinal transit time estimated by sweet-corn transit time through the gastrointestinal tract | 9 and 12 months |
| Infant dietary patterns | Changes in dietary patterns recorded using food frequency questionnaires | Bi-weekly from birth until 12 months |
| Infant nutrient intake | Assessment of dietary intake by 3-days 24-hour recall | 6, 9 and 12 months |
| Total faecal bacteria | Changes in total faecal bacteria as measured by quantitative PCR and flow cytometry | Faecal samples collected bi-weekly from birth until 12 months |
| Infant body weight | Changes in body weight from birth measured in gram (g) or kilogram (kg) | 0, 1, 3, 6, 9, and 12 months |
| Infant body length | Changes in body length measured in centimeters (cm) | 0, 1, 3, 6, 9, and 12 months |
| Infant growth | Infant weight and length will be aggregated to determine infant growth status | 0, 1, 3, 6, 9, and 12 months |
| Infant head circumference | Changes in head circumference measured in centimeters (cm) | 0, 1, 3, 6, 9, and 12 months |
| Infant fat stores | Changes in skin folds (triceps & subscapularis) measured with a skinfold caliper | 3, 6, 9, and 12 months |
| Infant body composition | Changes in body composition as measured by bioimpedance | 9 and 12 months |
| Infant urine metabolome | Changes in urine metabolome as assessed by untargeted metabolomics | 2 days, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, and 12 months |
Changes in blood metabolome as assessed by untargeted metabolomics
| 3, 6, 9, and 12 months |
| Maternal breast milk metabolome | Changes in breast milk metabolome as assessed by untargeted metabolomics | 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 months postpartum |
| Maternal breast milk human milk oligosaccharides | Changes in breast milk human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) measured by metabolomics | 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 months postpartum |
| Infant blood appetite hormones | Concentrations of appetite hormones in blood | 3, 6, 9, and 12 months |
| Infant faecal proteome | Changes in food- and microbiota-related antigens | Faecal samples collected bi-weekly from birth until 12 months |
| Infant faecal pH | Changes in faecal pH | Faecal samples collected bi-weekly from birth until 12 months |
| Infant faecal oligosaccharide residues | Changes in faecal oligosaccharide residues | Faecal samples collected bi-weekly from birth until 12 months |
| Infant faecal cytokines | Changes in faecal cytokines | Faecal samples collected bi-weekly from birth until 12 months |
| Infant faecal immunoglobulins | Changes in faecal immunoglobulins | Faecal samples collected bi-weekly from birth until 12 months |
| Infant faecal lipopolysaccharides | Changes in faecal lipopolysaccharides (LPS) | Faecal samples collected bi-weekly from birth until 12 months |
| Infant blood immune cell profiles | Blood immune cell profiling | 3, 6, 9, and 12 months |
| Infant blood cytokine profiles | Blood cytokine profiling | 3, 6, 9, and 12 months |
| Infant gastrointestinal symptoms | Gastrointestinal symptoms and related symptoms (fever, bloating, vomiting, diarrhea, constipation, irritability (crying time)) from birth through to 12 months of age | Occurrence from birth until 12 months |
| Infant general health status | General health status of the infant in relation to occurrence of any illness and health care visits for sickness, use of antibiotics and medication. | 3, 6, 9, and 12 months |
| Maternal nutrient intake | Assessment of dietary intake by 3-days 24-hours recall | Gestational week 35-37, 3 months and 9 months postpartum |
| Infant oral microbiome | Changes in saliva microbiome measured by DNA/RNA sequencing of saliva samples from infants | 3, 6, 9, and 12 months |
| Infant oral metabolome | Changes in saliva metabolome measured by untargeted metabolomics | 3, 6, 9, and 12 months |
| Infant tooth development | Infant tooth development during the first year of life | 3, 6, 9, and 12 months |
| Infant sleep patterns | Infant sleep patterns during the first year of life based on the Brief Infant Sleep Questionnaire (BISQ) | 3, 6, 9, and 12 months |
| Infant motor development | Infant motor development as assessed by World Health Organization (WHO) assessment of motor milestones | 3, 6, 9, and 12 months |
| Mental well-being of infants | Infant mental health as assessed by the Copenhagen Infant Mental Health Screening (CIMHS) at 9 and 12 months of age | 9 and 12 months |
| D008919 | Investigative Techniques |
| D017531 | Health Care Evaluation Mechanisms |
| D011787 | Quality of Health Care |
| D017530 | Health Care Quality, Access, and Evaluation |
| D011634 | Public Health |
| D004778 | Environment and Public Health |