70% of Europeans will be exposed to a potentially traumatic event (PTE). Following this experience, people are likely to develop various psychiatric disorders such as post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) or a major depressive episode (MDE). However, not all subjects have the same risk to develop a pathology, and resilience capacities, which depend on multiple factors are difficult to predict. Currently, there are no objective tools to stratify exposed subjects according to their risk of developing pathological responses to stress, which leads to difficulties in allocating means of prevention and treatment.

Recently, new biological hypotheses explaining vulnerability/resilience to stress and depression, implicating the GPR56 and ELK1 genes, have been described. Previous studies have shown that evaluation of the vulnerability risk can be obtained from clinical, cognitive, biological or brain imaging variables, but no study has integrated these different approaches. Therefore, the project presented here aims at integrating behavioral, biological and neuroimaging data to predict the development of psychiatric disease. In this study, a prospective cohort of 255 violent trauma victims will be set up in 3 French cities for a period of 2 years. Eligible subjects will be included in the month following PTE and will be followed longitudinally for 12 months. Evaluations at 1, 3, 6 and 12 months will be performed, during which the subject will complete various clinical and cognitive tests. A blood sample will be collected at each visit to study biological processes including the regulation of genetic and epigenetic expression, in particular the expression of the GPR56 and ELK1 genes in the blood. For eligible subjects a brain MRI will be proposed at the first visit.

We hypothesize that the genetic expression of ELK1 and GPR56 is predictive of the development of psychiatric pathologies at 6 and 12 months post-PTE. The ambition of this project is also to highlight the importance of a multimodal approach integrating a triad of markers (behavioral, biological and neuroimaging) to test this hypothesis.

Inclusion Criteria:

• Exposure to a traumatic event within 30 days, as defined by ESA criteria A of the DSM-5
• Signed free and informed consent
• Covered by a health insurance company
• 18 to 65 years at inclusion
• Available for a 12-month period follow-up
• Have the ability to speak, read, and understand French
• Have the ability to complete clinical evaluations and self-report measures at baseline and throughout the study

Exclusion Criteria:

• Have any condition for which, in the opinion of the investigator or designee, study participation would not be in their best interest (including but not limited to unstable general medical condition, pregnancy) or that could prevent, limit, or confound the protocol-specified assessments
• One or more criteria for ineligibility for registration on the National Registry of Volunteers for Research Involving Humans (VRB)
• History of stable or non-stable psychiatric illness such as bipolar disorder or schizophrenia or any other pathology that may interfere with the evaluations
• Diagnostic of neurological disorder affecting central nervous system function
• Moderate to severe substance use disorders (>=4/11 as defined in DSM-5) and excluding smoking disorders
• Volunteers under court protection or guardianship
• Unable to give the volunteer informed information, or the volunteer refuses to sign the consent form
• Physiological condition deemed clinically incompatible with the study by the investigator o For subjects undergoing MRI: presence of a contraindication for MRI examination.