Ventilator-associated pneumonia is the leading cause of nosocomial infection in the ICU. Cephalosporinase-producing Enterobacteriaceae have an increasing incidence. Infections in cephalosporinase-producing patients require the use of Cefepime during probabilistic antibiotic therapy, the repeated use of which will lead to a significant risk of selection of resistant mutants. The involvement of cephalosporinases being infrequent, the prediction of their presence during a VAP would make it possible to reduce the consumption of Cefepime and thus to take part in the prevention of selection of bacterial mutants resistant to beta-lactams. The main objective of the research is to determine the risk factors for the involvement of cephalosporinase-producing enterobacteria during episodes of ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) in hospitalized patients. The secondary objectives are to describe the epidemiology of cephalosporinase-producing enterobacteria in the ICU and to compare the risk factors for the presence of a cephalosporinase-producing germ not without its production being derepressed with those present in situations of cephalosporinase derepression.

Inclusion Criteria:

• Patient 18 years and older
• Patient on mechanical ventilation for more than 48 hours
• Patient with a diagnosis of ventilator-associated lung disease during management according to American Thoracic Society criteria
• French speaking patient

Exclusion Criteria:

• Tracheostomized patient at the time of inclusion
• Limitation of therapies before inclusion in the study
• Patient under guardianship or curatorship
• Patient deprived of liberty
• Patient under court protection
• Patient objecting to the use of his/her data for this research

Patients on mechanical ventilation for more than 48 hours, with a diagnosis of ventilator-associated lung disease during management according to American Thoracic Society criteria.