Foods Such as Virgin Olive Oil Rich in Phenolic Compounds, and Prebiotic Supplementation: Dietary Strategy to Tackle Sarcopenia in Early Elderly Subjects (FOOP-Sarc)
Foods Such as Virgin Olive Oil Rich in Phenolic Compounds, and Prebiotic Supplementation: Dietary Strategy to Tackle Sarcopenia in Early Elderly Subjects (FOOP-Sarc)
The main objective of the present study is to add knowledge of the potential health effects and mechanism of action by a dietary strategy based on a VOO rich in phenolic compounds (156 mg hydroxytyrosol and tyrosol/kg oil) alone or combination with prebiotic supplementation based on fructooligosaccharides (FOS) and inulin to tackle sarcopenia by improving skeletal muscle mass and function and CVD risk factors in early elderly (60-80 years) home-dwelling sarcopenic subjects.
The specific objectives:
The prebiotic supplementation about FOS and inulin was related to gut microbiota transformation an increase in handgrip strength and a reduction of exhaustion in older adults over 65 years old.
In the role of a nutritional intervention for the treatment of sarcopenia, an adequate intake of protein, especially leucine, vitamin D and antioxidant nutrients are recommended. In particular, dietary protein is a key anabolic stimulus for muscle protein synthesis. Moreover, food such as, virgin olive oil (VOO) can be involved in sarcopenia, by modulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines and could attenuate sarcopenic symptomology.
On the other hand, physical activity (PA) is an important aspect to avoid loss of muscle mass, for this reason, in sarcopenic subjects it is recommended to spend 150 min/week of moderate to vigorous physical activity.
A total of 39 home-dwelling early elderly volunteers will be included in the intervention (13 in each arm of the intervention). The total duration of the study will be 24 weeks (12-week period of dietary-lifestyle treatment and a 12-week period of follow-up after intervention cessation). Additionally, a total of 13 home-dwelling early elderly volunteers will be included in the co-creation process. Specifically, 7 home-dwelling early elderly volunteers will participate in the co-ideation and co-design steps. Additionally, 6 home-dwelling early elderly volunteers will participate in the co-implementation and comparison of recommendations (3 in each arm of intervention). The sample of volunteers that will co-implement will be randomized and different from the sample of volunteers that will co-ideate and co-design the recommendations. The co-evaluation step will include all 13 volunteers from the different steps of the co-creation process.
During the preliminary co-creation phase, there will be 5 visits over 6 weeks. A screening visit (V0) and one visit for each co-creation stage (co-ideation [V1], co-design [V2], co-implementation [V3] and co-evaluation [V4]). The volunteers who participated in the co-ideation and co-design stages had a total of 4 visits (V0, V1, V2 and the co-evaluation [V4] at the end of the co-design stage). The volunteers who participated in the co-implementation stage had a total of 3 visits (V0, V3 and V4).
Additionally, during the FOOP-Sarc study, there will be 6 visits in total (5 visits during the intervention period and 1 follow-up visit). Of these visits, 4 will be face-to-face and 3 by telephone. The study visits will be the following: screening visit (V0, face-to-face): to check inclusion/exclusion criteria and, in case of satisfying the inclusion criteria; basal visit (V1); visits during the intervention (V2, telephone; V3, telephone; V4, telephone); final study visit (V5, face-to-face); and follow-up visit (V6, face-to-face): follow-up visit 12-week after intervention cessation. In visits V0, V1, V5, and V6 volunteers must present themselves in fasting conditions of 8 hours to obtain blood. In visits V1, V5, and V6 volunteers must bring urine and feaces samples.
Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria: