At-risk mothers and infants will receive four, 30-minute sessions of an infant-directed singing coaching intervention.

At-risk mothers will receive four, 30-minute, in-person infant-directed singing coaching intervention sessions that take place over two weeks. Mothers will learn how to better read infant cues and respond with sensitive singing. Infants will gain experience in self-regulation of arousal states.

Change in maternal perceived self-efficacy will be measured by using the Karitane Parenting Confidence Scale. This is a 15-item self-report measure, with scores ranging from 0- 45. Lower scores reflect lower perceived self-efficacy, and higher scores indicate higher levels of perceived self-efficacy.

Change in the acoustic parameter of mothers evaluated by data mining of recording of mother's voices using a microphone

Change in percentage of time infant displays gaze type will be measured by a video recording of the infant gaze. Videos will be coded to determine the percentage of time infants demonstrate a gaze type. Types of gaze include and range from roaming (most negative), averted, neutral, intermittent, to sustained (most positive).

Change in percentage of time infant displays affect type will be measured by a video recording of Infant's affect. Videos will be coded to determine the percentage of time infants demonstrate affect type. Types of affect include and range from large grimace (most negative), frown, neutral, smile, to large smile (most positive).