Effect of Estrogen Treatment on Drug Metabolism and Transport

Effect of Gender-Affirming Estrogen Therapy on Drug Metabolism, Transport, and Gut Microbiota

This project will evaluate the effect of estrogen treatment on how other medications are processed by the body.

Estradiol is prepared as a medication that patients may take to increase hormone levels. Changes in estradiol concentrations in the body may affect how the body processes other medicines. The purpose of this study is to find out how estradiol therapy affects a single tracer dose of approved medicines in the blood (midazolam, digoxin, and acetaminophen) and to confirm estradiol treatment does not affect natural bacterial in the gut.

Inclusion Criteria:

• Self-identified trans* adult 18-55 years of age.
• Not taking estradiol treatment currently.
• Planning to start injectable estradiol or estradiol tablets for gender-affirming medical care.

Exclusion Criteria:

• Unwilling/unable to return for project follow-up visits.
• Unwilling/unable to provide written informed consent.