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Smokers believe that cigarettes with the "natural" or "organic" descriptors are less harmful than cigarettes without these descriptors, but we do not know if these beliefs are associated with how smokers interpret the experience of smoking a "natural" or "organic" cigarette, nor whether these beliefs are predictive of changes in smoking behavior or biological exposures. The primary goal of this study is to examine the relationship between exposure to "natural" or "organic" descriptors in cigarette advertising and smoking health risk expectancies, subjective effects, topography, and biological exposures. To accomplish this goal, we will enroll 250 adult daily cigarette smokers of Natural American Spirit (NAS) or non-NAS brands (125 in each group) in a within-subjects human laboratory study manipulating four expectancy conditions (own brand comparator, "natural" advertising, "organic" advertising, "conventional" advertising).
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Main arm | Experimental | All participants received the same intervention; however, the order of the intervention was randomized to reduce the risk of order effects. |
|
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cigarette trial | Other | Participants were told that they were participating in market research for a new tobacco company called "Capital Tobacco." They were told that they were going to try three different cigarettes for the new company -- a conventional cigarette, a natural cigarette, and an organic cigarette -- and provide the research team with their impressions about the advertising and the smoking experience for each product. We also told them were were studying whether smoking these different types of cigarettes changed their exposure to chemicals in cigarette smoke. The intervention consisted of showing participants conventional, natural, and organic versions of a mailer and reading them a brief description of the brand. In reality, participants were smoking the same cigarette 3 times. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Difference in perceived chemical content relative to conventional condition - natural | Survey measure | no sooner than 1 day after prior study visit and up to 3 months after first study visit. |
| Difference in perceived chemical content relative to conventional condition - organic | Survey measure | no sooner than 1 day after prior study visit and up to 3 months after first study visit. |
| Difference in perceived chemical aftertaste to conventional condition - natural | Survey measure | no sooner than 1 day after prior study visit and up to 3 months after first study visit. |
| Difference in perceived chemical aftertaste to conventional condition - organic | Survey measure | no sooner than 1 day after prior study visit and up to 3 months after first study visit. |
| Difference in total puff volume relative to conventional condition - natural | Total puff volume as measured by topography device | no sooner than 1 day after prior study visit and up to 3 months after first study visit. |
| Difference in total puff volume relative to conventional condition - organic | Total puff volume as measured by topography device | no sooner than 1 day after prior study visit and up to 3 months after first study visit. |
| Difference in salivary aldehyde concentration relative to conventional condition - natural |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
Self-identification as a man or woman
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| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Desert Research Institute | Reno | Nevada | 89512 | United States | ||
| University of Nevada, Reno |
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| Type | Date | Date Unknown |
|---|---|---|
| Release | Jan 2, 2026 | |
| Reset | Jan 23, 2026 |
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| Type | Includes Protocol | Includes SAP | Includes ICF | Document Label | Document Date | Document Uploaded Date | Document File Name |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Prot_SAP | Yes | Yes | No | Study Protocol and Statistical Analysis Plan | Jul 19, 2024 |
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|
salivary aldehyde concentration measured in saliva |
| no sooner than 1 day after prior study visit and up to 3 months after first study visit. |
| Difference in salivary aldehyde concentration relative to conventional condition - organic | salivary aldehyde concentration measured in saliva | no sooner than 1 day after prior study visit and up to 3 months after first study visit. |
| Difference in perceived chemical content relative to own brand condition - natural | survey measure | no sooner than 1 day after prior study visit and up to 3 months after first study visit. |
| Difference in perceived chemical content relative to own brand condition - organic | survey measure | no sooner than 1 day after prior study visit and up to 3 months after first study visit. |
| Difference in perceived chemical aftertaste to own brand condition - natural | survey measure | no sooner than 1 day after prior study visit and up to 3 months after first study visit. |
| Difference in perceived chemical aftertaste to own brand condition - organic | survey measure | no sooner than 1 day after prior study visit and up to 3 months after first study visit. |
| Difference in total puff volume relative to own brand condition - natural | survey measure | no sooner than 1 day after prior study visit and up to 3 months after first study visit. |
| Difference in total puff volume relative to own brand condition - organic | total puff volume as measured by a puff topography device | no sooner than 1 day after prior study visit and up to 3 months after first study visit. |
| Difference in salivary aldehyde concentration relative to own brand condition - organic | salivary aldehyde concentration measured in saliva | no sooner than 1 day after prior study visit and up to 3 months after first study visit. |
| Difference in salivary aldehyde concentration relative to own brand condition - natural | salivary aldehyde concentration measured in saliva | no sooner than 1 day after prior study visit and up to 3 months after first study visit. |
| Reno |
| Nevada |
| 89557 |
| United States |
| University of Pennsylvania | Philadelphia | Pennsylvania | 19104 | United States |
| Dec 29, 2025 |
| Prot_SAP_000.pdf |
| ICF | No | No | Yes | Informed Consent Form | Sep 12, 2023 | Dec 29, 2025 | ICF_001.pdf |
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| Release Date | Unrelease Date | Unrelease Date Unknown | Reset Date | MCP Release Number |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Jan 2, 2026 | Jan 23, 2026 |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D012907 | Smoking |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D001519 | Behavior |
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