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The study was a non-randomized controlled trial of 12-months' follow-up with 182 Spanish community pharmacists. Intervention community pharmacists received the CESAR training to improve their smoking cessation services, consisting of an initial interview and follow-up visits to identify obstacles and reinforce behaviours. The control group received the usual care. Data were self-reported and collected in a computerized health registration system. Outcomes were smoking cessation and quality of life (EuroQOL-5D) collected at baseline, 6 months', and 12 months' follow-up. Cost data were collected for the study period and included direct health costs, sick leave, and intervention costs. Smoking cessation was analysed through logistic regression models. Generalized linear models were carried out for quality-adjusted life year costs. Incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICERs) and cost-utility ratios (RCUI) were calculated. Sensitivity analyses were performed.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Intervention | Experimental | Smoking cessation intervention in community pharmacies |
|
| Control | Active Comparator | Usual care of smoking cessation in community pharmacies |
|
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CESAR training | Behavioral | Intervention community pharmacists received the CESAR training to improve their smoking cessation services, consisting of an initial interview and follow-up visits to identify obstacles and reinforce behaviours. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Smoking cessation | Dichotomicus variable (yes/no) | Before/after the intervention (1 year) |
| Quality of Life (EuroQOL-5D) | Measured with EuroQOL-5D | 1 year |
| Cost-effectiveness | In cost-effectiveness, the deterministic Incremental Cost Effectiveness Ratio (ICER) is the coefficient resulting from dividing the difference between groups in costs by the difference in probability between groups that an additional patient will cease their smoking history. | 1 year |
| Cost-utility | For the cost-utility, the Deterministic Incremental Cost-Utility Ratio (ICUR) is the coefficient resulting from dividing the difference between groups in costs by the difference between groups in quality-adjusted life years. | 1 year |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 37704533 | Derived | Gomez Martinez JC, Gaztelurrutia Lavesa L, Mendoza Barbero A, Plaza Zamora J, Lage Pinon M, Aguilo Juanola M, Climent Catala M, de Andres Dirube A, Garcia Moreno L, Jaraiz Magarinos I, Moral Ajado M, Sanchez Marcos N. Smoking cessation intervention in the community pharmacy: Cost-effectiveness of a non-randomized cluster-controlled trial at 12-months' follow-up. Res Social Adm Pharm. 2024 Jan;20(1):19-27. doi: 10.1016/j.sapharm.2023.09.003. Epub 2023 Sep 7. |
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The datasets used and/or analysed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D016540 | Smoking Cessation |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D015438 | Health Behavior |
| D001519 | Behavior |
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