Potential Effect for the Smoking on Periodontitis From the Perspective of Arginine Metabolites

Potential Effect for the Smoking on Periodontitis From the Perspective of Arginine Metabolites Symmetric Dimethylarginine (SDMA) and Asymmetric Dimethylarginine (ADMA)

Arginine metabolites are amino acids that are associated with vascular tone regulation and the level of inflammation, with critical roles in the synthesis of NO. Our aim was to determine the ADMA, SDMA, L-NMMA, L-arginine, L-homoarginine and IL-6 levels in saliva and serum samples from periodontitis patients and periodontally healthy individuals and to assess the levels of these compounds according to smoking status and compare these levels to those of healthy individuals.

The study consisted of four groups: healthy individuals (control (C); n=20), smokers with healthy periodontium (S-C; n=20), nonsmokers with Stage III Grade B generalized periodontitis (P; n=20) and smokers with Stage III Grade C generalized periodontitis (S-P; n=18). Clinical periodontal parameters were measured. The determination of methylated arginine metabolites was carried out by LC-MS/MS.

Inclusion Criteria:

• systemically healthy
• clinical diagnosis of periodontitis
• clinical diagnosis of periodontal health
• For smoking group the so kerr were denied as smoking at least 10 cigarettes per day and the duration should more than 10 years.

Exclusion Criteria:

• history of regular use of systemic antibiotics anti-inflammatory, or antioxidant drugs (previous 3 months)
• nonsurgical periodontal treatment (previous 6 months)
• surgical periodontal treatment (previous 12 months)
• presence of<10 teeth
• current medications affecting gingival health (calcium channel blockers, phenytoin, cyclosporine, and hormone replacement therapy)
• diabetes
• diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis
• pregnancy
• lactating
• excessive alcohol consumption.