Objective: To determine whether ultrasound-guided Intra-Articular Hypertonic Dextrose and hydrodilatation improves pain and function in patients with frozen shoulder(FS)

Setting: a medical center hospital. Participants: Subjects with primary FS with shoulder pain more than 3 months. Interventions: Participants randomly be assigned into A and B group: group A received ultrasound-guided hydrodilatation with hypertonic Dextrose with a mixture of 2mL of 50%, 1mL of 2% lidocaine, and 6ml normative saline ; group B : ultrasound-guided hydrodilatation with 9 mL of normative saline and 1 mL of 2% lidocaine.

Main Outcome Measures: The primary outcome measure was the Shoulder Pain and Disability Index score. Secondary outcomes were the VAS of shoulder pain level, muscle power and angles of shoulder passive range of motion, including flexion, abduction, extension, external rotation, and internal rotation at pretreatment and weeks 2, 4, 8, 12 and 24 of post-treatment.

Participants diagnosed with primary FS who had experienced shoulder pain for more than 6 months and a reduction > 30° in passive ROM of the affected shoulder in at least two directions (forward flexion, abduction, or external rotation) compared with the contralateral side were evaluated for eligibility. 23 Subjects with any degree of tear or calcified tendinitis of rotator cuff tendons, previous shoulder surgery, previous intra-articular injection for the affected shoulder within 3 months of the study; or any secondary FS caused by metabolic, rheumatic, infectious arthritis, stroke, tumor, shoulder fracture/dislocation, or acute cervical radiculopathy were excluded. 23

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