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| Name | Class |
|---|---|
| Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare | OTHER_GOV |
| University of Helsinki | OTHER |
| Tampere University Hospital | OTHER |
| Tampere University |
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Sudden Cardiac Death is a leading cause of mortality and remains a major public health burden worldwide. Cardiac arrest due to coronary heart disease explains a large proportion of the cases, but if autopsy is not performed the exact underlying cause remains obscure in many adults who face sudden death outside heath care organizations. The investigators aim to find proof that primary aldosteronism is a risk factor for sudden death and to characterize the prevalence of adrenal pathology in sudden death of undetermined cause in a case-control study. In addition, the study aims to characterize the prevalence of other adrenal pathology i.e. silent adenomas, cortisol-producing adenomas and pheochromocytomas in sudden death. The investigators also seek evidence that other endocrine hormone overproduction-causing diseases are more prevalent in persons with sudden death compared with those experiencing traumatic or suicidal death sudden death.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Sudden death | Unexpected witnessed death occurring within an hour of the onset of symptoms in a person with or without previously known cardiac disease without an extra-cardiac cause, or unexpected unwitnessed death without extra-cardiac cause occurring in the previous 24 hours |
| |
| Control | Death because of an exogenic reason for sudden death such as trauma or suicide as a control group i.e. non-disease-induced sudden death |
|
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Adrenal aldosterone synthase (CYP11B2) staining | Diagnostic Test | Immunoshistochemical diagnosis of primary aldosteronism |
|
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| CYP11B2 staining in adrenal glands | Histopathological diagnosis of the autopsy | Through study completion, an average of 2 years |
| CYP11B1 staining in adrenal glands | Histopathological diagnosis of the autopsy | Through study completion, an average of 2 years |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| CYP11B2 staining in adrenal glands | Histopathological diagnosis of the autopsy | Through study completion, an average of 2 years |
| Pheochromocytoma or paraganglioma | Histopathological diagnosis of the autopsy |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Consecutive patients with out-of-hospital, sudden death
Exclusion Criteria:
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We enroll aproximately 200 consecutive patients with out-of-hospital, sudden death to both groups.
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Niina Matikainen, MD, PhD, Assoc Prof | Helsinki University Central Hospital | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Endocrinology, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki | Helsinki | Finland |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 39995489 | Derived | Ylanen A, Isojarvi J, Virtanen A, Leijon H, Vesterinen T, Aro AL, Huhtala H, Kokko E, Porsti I, Viukari M, Nevalainen PI, Matikainen N. Adrenal aldosterone synthase (CYP11B2) histopathology and its association with disease-induced sudden death: a cross-sectional study. Lancet Reg Health Eur. 2025 Feb 6;51:101226. doi: 10.1016/j.lanepe.2025.101226. eCollection 2025 Apr. |
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| OTHER |
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| Adrenal cortisol synthase (CYP11B1) staining | Diagnostic Test | Immunoshistochemical diagnosis of adrenal hypercortisolism |
|
| Histopathological analysis | Diagnostic Test | Diagnosis of any endocrine neoplasia other than primary aldosteronism or adrenal hypercortisolism |
|
| Through study completion, an average of 2 years |
| Neuroendocrine tumor | Histopathological diagnosis of the autopsy | Through study completion, an average of 2 years |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D006929 | Hyperaldosteronism |
| D000182 | ACTH Syndrome, Ectopic |
| D010673 | Pheochromocytoma |
| D004701 | Endocrine Gland Neoplasms |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D000308 | Adrenocortical Hyperfunction |
| D000307 | Adrenal Gland Diseases |
| D004700 | Endocrine System Diseases |
| D009384 | Paraneoplastic Endocrine Syndromes |
| D010257 | Paraneoplastic Syndromes |
| D009369 | Neoplasms |
| D010235 | Paraganglioma |
| D018358 | Neuroendocrine Tumors |
| D017599 | Neuroectodermal Tumors |
| D009373 | Neoplasms, Germ Cell and Embryonal |
| D009370 | Neoplasms by Histologic Type |
| D009380 | Neoplasms, Nerve Tissue |
| D009371 | Neoplasms by Site |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D013194 | Staining and Labeling |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D016591 | Histocytological Preparation Techniques |
| D003584 | Cytological Techniques |
| D019411 | Clinical Laboratory Techniques |
| D019937 | Diagnostic Techniques and Procedures |
| D003933 | Diagnosis |
| D006652 | Histological Techniques |
| D008919 | Investigative Techniques |
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