Cardiac Output in Preeclamptic

Coload Effect on Cardiac Output Measurement Using Transthoracic Echocardiography in Preeclamptic Patients Undergoing Cesarean Delivery

There is high incidence of hypertensive disorders during pregnancy.The maternal cardiovascular system had significant changes during pregnancy. The colloid oncotic pressure is decreased during preeclampsia.

Transthoracic echocardiography considered an accurate non-invasive device and has validity for measuring cardiac functions in pregnancy.

Inclusion Criteria:

• Pre-eclampsia
• Age 18-45 years.
• Singleton pregnancy scheduled for elective CS delivery under spinal anesthesia.
• American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA Ⅱ, Ⅲ).

Exclusion Criteria:

• Body mass index < 18 or ≥40 kg/m²
• Women presenting in labor
• Current administration of vasoactive drugs including salbutamol and thyroxin.
• Diabetes mellitus.
• Hemoglobin <10 g/dl.
• Cardiovascular, cerebrovascular, or renal disease
• Increased serum creatinine level ≥1.1 mg/dL.
• Contraindications to spinal anesthesia:(increased intracranial pressure, coagulopathy, or local skin infection)