To gain a better understanding about the conditioning effect of consumption of slowly digestible carbohydrate on gastric emptying rate, respiratory quotient and metabolic flexibility, this study will focus on monitoring change in gastric emptying with consumption of a single source of slowly digestible carbohydrate (30 g of raw corn starch) for 21 days and compared to a control (21 days of continious consumption of rapidly digesting carbohydrate maltodextrin).

Corn starch, a commonly consumed food ingredient, considered GRAS (generally recognized as safe) CFR 182.70- 182.90 will be used as the test meal treatment fed to non-responding subjects (rapid gastric emptying rate after consumption of slowly digestible carbohydrate) for 1 month. Corn starch will be mixed with applesauce (200 g) and a small amount of xanthan gum (amount to be determined) (GRAS # 121) for palatability and viscosity, respectively.

In order to determine whether potential changes in gastric emptying time are induced by consumption of slowly digestible carbohydrates, a control group will be used. The control group will consume a meal composed applesauce (200 g) and xanthan gum with a fast digesting carbohydrate (30 g DE -1 maltodextrinpregelatinized starch). The product is commercially available and will be provided by Tate and Lyle under the brand name of Star-Dri 1. The general term "maltodextrin" is a non-sweet nutritive polymer that consists of D-glucose units linked primarily by [alpha]-1-4 bonds and that has a dextrose equivalent (D.E.) of less than 20. It is regarded as Generally Recognized as Safe (GRAS) by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration for direct use as a food ingredient (GRAS, 21CFR184.1444).DE-1 Maltodextrin is commercially available and will be provided by Tate and Lyle under the brand name of Star-Dri 1. Maltodextrin is a non-sweet nutritive saccharide polymer that consists of D-glucose units linked primarily by [alpha]-1-4 bonds and that has a dextrose equivalent (D.E.) of less than 20. It is regarded as Generally Recognized as Safe (GRAS) by the Food and Drug Administration for direct use as a food ingredient (GRAS, 21CFR184.1444). Ultimately, this study will help elucidate attributes of carbohydrate-based foods that can promote slow digestion and create a satiety feeling and promote weight management, which can then be implemented to develop foods with superior health benefits.

Inclusion Criteria:

• normal body mass index (18.5 kg/m² < BMI < 25)
• healthy eating index score (<65)

Exclusion Criteria:

• gastrointestinal and cardiovascular disease
• food allergies or intolerances
• pregnancy
• smokers

No data sharing

Participants were not aware of the treatment recieved