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| Name | Class |
|---|---|
| Universidad Miguel Hernandez de Elche | OTHER |
| European Cooperation in Science and Technology, COST | UNKNOWN |
| RheinMain University of Applied Science | UNKNOWN |
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Psychological safety refers to the shared belief that a work team can face complex challenges when there is an environment of mutual respect and trust. Thus, healthcare professionals provide safer care when causes and ways to avoid clinical errors can be discussed and analyzed without fear of criticism or sanctions. A psychological safety climate can be a determinant of patient safety. In this way, this provides safer care when it is possible to discuss and analyze the causes and how to avoid clinical errors without fear of criticism or sanctions.
This study aims to explore the mentors' opinion on what psychological safety competencies are being acquired by future generations of healthcare professionals (students and residents, hereafter "trainees") through current training programs and what actions should be taken to promote such competencies in clinical settings.
Consensus study based on the Delphi technique. To develop the questionnaire 0 structured interviews will be conducted. This study step includes the development of a consultation instrument in questionnaire format to conduct the Delphi study. Only the legibility, face and content validity of the questionnaire will be assessed through interviews to ensure its correct completion by the participants.
One member of the research team for each participating country will act as national study coordinator in that country.
The study procedure will be structured in the following steps:
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Croatia | Twenty to twenty-five professionals assigned to Croatian healthcare institutions (inpatient and outpatient settings, and community, and social care centers) who are responsible for mentoring and supervising residents and students during their clinical internships in the fields of family medicine, obstetrics, midwifery, pharmacy, surgery, and department of medicine. |
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| Estonia | Twenty to twenty-five professionals assigned to Estonian healthcare institutions (inpatient and outpatient settings, and community, and social care centers) who are responsible for mentoring and supervising residents and students during their clinical internships in the fields of family medicine, obstetrics, midwifery, pharmacy, surgery, and department of medicine. |
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| Finland | Twenty to twenty-five professionals assigned to Finnish healthcare institutions (inpatient and outpatient settings, and community, and social care centers) who are responsible for mentoring and supervising residents and students during their clinical internships in the fields of family medicine, obstetrics, midwifery, pharmacy, surgery, and department of medicine. |
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| Germany | Twenty to twenty-five professionals assigned to German healthcare institutions (inpatient and outpatient settings, and community, and social care centers) who are responsible for mentoring and supervising residents and students during their clinical internships in the fields of family medicine, obstetrics, midwifery, pharmacy, surgery, and department of medicine. |
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Delphi study | Other | A Delphi study will be conducted with several rounds up to expert consensus. |
|
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Psychological safety competencies - Degree of KNOWLEDGE acquisition (round 1) | What knowledge in psychological safety is being acquired by future generations of healthcare professionals (students and residents referred to as "trainees") through their clinical internships. The questionnaire contains 7 items referring to knowledge. Participants (mentors of healthcare trainees) will have to assess each knowledge (competence component) according to its degree of acquisition (5-point Likert scale). | Data collection for the first round of the Delphi study will extend from the start of the study for 20 days. |
| Psychological safety competencies - Degree of significance of KNOWLEDGE (round 1) | What knowledge in psychological safety is being acquired by future generations of healthcare professionals (students and residents referred to as "trainees") through their clinical internships. The questionnaire contains 7 items referring to knowledge. Participants (mentors of healthcare trainees) will have to assess each knowledge (competence component) according to its degree of significance (5-point Likert scale). | Data collection for the first round of the Delphi study will extend from the start of the study for 20 days. |
| Psychological safety competencies - Degree of ATTITUDE acquisition (round 1) | What attitudes toward psychological safety are being acquired by future generations of healthcare professionals (students and residents referred to as "trainees") through their clinical internships. The questionnaire contains 6 items referring to attitudes. Participants (mentors of healthcare trainees) will have to assess each attitude (competence component) according to its degree of acquisition (5-point Likert scale). | Data collection for the first round of the Delphi study will extend from the start of the study for 20 days. |
| Psychological safety competencies - Degree of significance of the ATTITUDE (round 1) | What attitudes toward psychological safety are being acquired by future generations of healthcare professionals (students and residents referred to as "trainees") through their clinical internships. The questionnaire contains 6 items referring to attitudes. Participants (mentors of healthcare trainees) will have to assess each attitude (competence component) according to its degree of significance (5-point Likert scale). |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion criteria:
• Academic mentors. The study setting is social and health care centers, not academia.
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Trainees' mentors who would be working in inpatient or outpatient settings or community or social care centers mentoring residents in the fields of family medicine, midwifery, pharmacy, surgery, and medicine department.
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| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Grupo ATENEA | Sant Joan d'Alacant | Alicante | 03550 | Spain |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 32041595 | Background | O'Donovan R, McAuliffe E. A systematic review exploring the content and outcomes of interventions to improve psychological safety, speaking up and voice behaviour. BMC Health Serv Res. 2020 Feb 10;20(1):101. doi: 10.1186/s12913-020-4931-2. | |
| 28858000 | Background | Richard A, Pfeiffer Y, Schwappach DDL. Development and Psychometric Evaluation of the Speaking Up About Patient Safety Questionnaire. J Patient Saf. 2021 Oct 1;17(7):e599-e606. doi: 10.1097/PTS.0000000000000415. |
| Label | URL |
|---|---|
| COST (European Cooperation in Science and Technology) | View source |
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The databases, without identification and code registration, will be available at OSF (Center for Open Science) for access by the scientific community. the scientific community.
Six months after the data collecting.
Data repository is available for the scientific community.
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D001519 | Behavior |
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| University of Tartu |
| OTHER |
| Tartu Health Care College | UNKNOWN |
| LAB University of Applied Sciences | UNKNOWN |
| University of Haifa | OTHER |
| Vilnius University Hospital Santaros Klinikos | OTHER |
| University of Malta | OTHER |
| Universidade Nova de Lisboa | OTHER |
| Clinical Hospital Centre Zagreb | OTHER |
| Pavol Jozef Safarik University | OTHER |
| University of Belgrade | OTHER |
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| Israel | Twenty to twenty-five professionals assigned to Israeli healthcare institutions (inpatient and outpatient settings, and community, and social care centers) who are responsible for mentoring and supervising residents and students during their clinical internships in the fields of family medicine, obstetrics, midwifery, pharmacy, surgery, and department of medicine. |
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| Lithuania | Twenty to twenty-five professionals assigned to Lithuanian healthcare institutions (inpatient and outpatient settings, and community, and social care centers) who are responsible for mentoring and supervising residents and students during their clinical internships in the fields of family medicine, obstetrics, midwifery, pharmacy, surgery, and department of medicine. |
|
| Malta | Twenty to twenty-five professionals assigned to Maltese healthcare institutions (inpatient and outpatient settings, and community, and social care centers) who are responsible for mentoring and supervising residents and students during their clinical internships in the fields of family medicine, obstetrics, midwifery, pharmacy, surgery, and department of medicine. |
|
| Portugal | Twenty to twenty-five professionals assigned to Portuguese healthcare institutions (inpatient and outpatient settings, and community, and social care centers) who are responsible for mentoring and supervising residents and students during their clinical internships in the fields of family medicine, obstetrics, midwifery, pharmacy, surgery, and department of medicine. |
|
| Slovakia | Twenty to twenty-five professionals assigned to Slovakian healthcare institutions (inpatient and outpatient settings, and community, and social care centers) who are responsible for mentoring and supervising residents and students during their clinical internships in the fields of family medicine, obstetrics, midwifery, pharmacy, surgery, and department of medicine. |
|
| Spain | Twenty to twenty-five professionals assigned to Spanish healthcare institutions (inpatient and outpatient settings, and community, and social care centers) who are responsible for mentoring and supervising residents and students during their clinical internships in the fields of family medicine, obstetrics, midwifery, pharmacy, surgery, and department of medicine. |
|
| Serbia | Twenty to twenty-five professionals assigned to Serbian healthcare institutions (inpatient and outpatient settings, and community, and social care centers) who are responsible for mentoring and supervising residents and students during their clinical internships in the fields of family medicine, obstetrics, midwifery, pharmacy, surgery, and department of medicine. |
|
| Data collection for the first round of the Delphi study will extend from the start of the study for 20 days. |
| Psychological safety competencies - Degree of SKILL acquisition (round 1) | What psychological safety skills are being acquired by future generations of healthcare professionals (students and residents referred to as "trainees") through their clinical internships. The questionnaire contains 7 items referring to skills. Participants (mentors of healthcare trainees) will have to assess each skill (competence component) according to its degree of acquisition (5-point Likert scale). | Data collection for the first round of the Delphi study will extend from the start of the study for 20 days. |
| Psychological safety competencies - Degree of significance of the SKILL (round 1) | What psychological safety skills are being acquired by future generations of healthcare professionals (students and residents referred to as "trainees") through their clinical internships. The questionnaire contains 7 items referring to skills. Participants (mentors of healthcare trainees) will have to assess each skill (competence component) according to its degree of significance (5-point Likert scale). | Data collection for the first round of the Delphi study will extend from the start of the study for 20 days. |
| Psychological safety INTERVENTIONS - Degree of implementation (round 1) | What actions the healthcare institutions in which the trainees do their clinical internships should implement to promote the acquisition of these competencies. Participants (mentors of healthcare trainees) will have to assess each intervention according to its degree of implementation in their center (5-point Likert scale). | Data collection for the first round of the Delphi study will extend from the start of the study for 20 days. |
| Psychological safety INTERVENTIONS - Degree of significance (round 1) | What actions the healthcare institutions in which the trainees do their clinical internships should implement to promote the acquisition of these competencies. Participants (mentors of healthcare trainees) will have to assess each intervention according to its degree of significance (5-point Likert scale). | Data collection for the first round of the Delphi study will extend from the start of the study for 20 days. |
| Psychological safety competencies - Degree of KNOWLEDGE acquisition (round 2) | What knowledge in psychological safety is being acquired by future generations of healthcare professionals (students and residents referred to as "trainees") through their clinical internships. The questionnaire contains 7 items referring to knowledge. Participants (mentors of healthcare trainees) will have to assess each knowledge (competence component) according to its degree of acquisition (5-point Likert scale). | Twenty-seven days after initiating the study, the second round of the Delphi study will extend for 20 days. |
| Psychological safety competencies - Degree of significance of KNOWLEDGE (round 2) | What knowledge in psychological safety is being acquired by future generations of healthcare professionals (students and residents referred to as "trainees") through their clinical internships. The questionnaire contains 7 items referring to knowledge. Participants (mentors of healthcare trainees) will have to assess each knowledge (competence component) according to its degree of significance (5-point Likert scale). | Twenty-seven days after initiating the study, the second round of the Delphi study will extend for 20 days. |
| Psychological safety competencies - Degree of ATTITUDE acquisition (round 2) | What attitudes toward psychological safety are being acquired by future generations of healthcare professionals (students and residents referred to as "trainees") through their clinical internships. The questionnaire contains 6 items referring to attitudes. Participants (mentors of healthcare trainees) will have to assess each attitude (competence component) according to its degree of acquisition (5-point Likert scale). | Twenty-seven days after initiating the study, the second round of the Delphi study will extend for 20 days. |
| Psychological safety competencies - Degree of significance of the ATTITUDE (round 2) | What attitudes toward psychological safety are being acquired by future generations of healthcare professionals (students and residents referred to as "trainees") through their clinical internships. The questionnaire contains 6 items referring to attitudes. Participants (mentors of healthcare trainees) will have to assess each attitude (competence component) according to its degree of significance (5-point Likert scale). | Twenty-seven days after initiating the study, the second round of the Delphi study will extend for 20 days. |
| Psychological safety competencies - Degree of SKILL acquisition (round 2) | What psychological safety skills are being acquired by future generations of healthcare professionals (students and residents referred to as "trainees") through their clinical internships. The questionnaire contains 7 items referring to skills. Participants (mentors of healthcare trainees) will have to assess each skill (competence component) according to its degree of acquisition (5-point Likert scale). | Twenty-seven days after initiating the study, the second round of the Delphi study will extend for 20 days. |
| Psychological safety competencies - Degree of significance of the SKILL (round 2) | What psychological safety skills are being acquired by future generations of healthcare professionals (students and residents referred to as "trainees") through their clinical internships. The questionnaire contains 7 items referring to skills. Participants (mentors of healthcare trainees) will have to assess each skill (competence component) according to its degree of significance (5-point Likert scale). | Twenty-seven days after initiating the study, the second round of the Delphi study will extend for 20 days. |
| Psychological safety INTERVENTIONS - Degree of implementation (round 2) | What actions the healthcare institutions in which the trainees do their clinical internships should implement to promote the acquisition of these competencies. Participants (mentors of healthcare trainees) will have to assess each intervention according to its degree of implementation in their center (5-point Likert scale). | Twenty-seven days after initiating the study, the second round of the Delphi study will extend for 20 days. |
| Psychological safety INTERVENTIONS - Degree of significance (round 2) | What actions the healthcare institutions in which the trainees do their clinical internships should implement to promote the acquisition of these competencies. Participants (mentors of healthcare trainees) will have to assess each intervention according to its degree of significance (5-point Likert scale). | Twenty-seven days after initiating the study, the second round of the Delphi study will extend for 20 days. |
| 29701770 | Background | Schwappach D, Sendlhofer G, Hasler L, Gombotz V, Leitgeb K, Hoffmann M, Jantscher L, Brunner G. Speaking up behaviors and safety climate in an Austrian university hospital. Int J Qual Health Care. 2018 Nov 1;30(9):701-707. doi: 10.1093/intqhc/mzy089. |
| 31514203 | Background | Schwappach D, Sendlhofer G, Kamolz LP, Kole W, Brunner G. Speaking up culture of medical students within an academic teaching hospital: Need of faculty working in patient safety. PLoS One. 2019 Sep 12;14(9):e0222461. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0222461. eCollection 2019. |
| 24583957 | Background | Derickson R, Fishman J, Osatuke K, Teclaw R, Ramsel D. Psychological safety and error reporting within Veterans Health Administration hospitals. J Patient Saf. 2015 Mar;11(1):60-6. doi: 10.1097/PTS.0000000000000082. |