The study aims to evaluate postoperative pain and masseter muscle activity in a group of Egyptian children with carious primary molars treated with Hall Vs modified Hall Technique (with proximal and occlusal reduction).

Inclusion Criteria:

• Children 5-7 years with carious lower second primary molars
• Both genders.
• Systemically and mentally healthy.

Exclusion Criteria:

• History of systemic or mental conditions.
• Special health care needs who require pharmacological management before dental treatment.
• Acute dental pain or trauma.
• Extremely uncooperative children who require being treated under general anesthesia.