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In this study, it is planned to determine the effect of acupressure applied to adolescents with primary dysmenorrhea on pain, menstrual symptoms and general comfort. The research questions of the research are as follows; Research Questions
Methods:
Adolescents aged 14-17 years with primary dysmenorrhea will be randomly assigned to the acupressure and control groups. The study group (n=26) and placebo group (n=26) will be applied to the determined points in a certain order. The order of application is Hegu (LI4), Zusanli (ST36), Sanyinjiao (SP6). Acupressure will be applied to the adolescents in the groups individually for 18-20 minutes, twice a day in the first three days of their menstrual periods. The primary outcome measures of the study is the effect of acupressure on adolescent pain severity and menstrual symptoms. The secondary outcome measures of the study is the effect of acupressure on general comfort. Data collection forms will be applied four times in total for the second and third cycles, before and immediately after the acupressure application.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Experimental (acupressure) group | Experimental | Acupressure (complementary and integrative medicine method) Acupressure will be applied individually to the experimental group for 15 minutes three times a day for three menstrual cycles (approximately 3 months). Data collection forms will be applied 4 times in total, before the intervention, at the end of Cycle 1, cycle 2, and cycle 3 (each cycle is 28 days) |
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| Plasebo group | Placebo Comparator | Placebo acupressure will be performed at any point within 1.5 cm of the actual acupressure points. Placebo acupressure will be applied individually to the placebo group for 15 minutes three times a day for three menstrual cycles (approximately 3 months). Data collection forms will be applied 4 times in total, before the intervention, at the end of Cycle 1, cycle 2, and cycle 3 (each cycle is 28 days) |
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| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Acupressure | Other | acupressure is a non-pharmacological method originating from traditional Chinese medicine. According to the National Cancer Institute, acupressure is defined as pressure / massage applied to certain parts of the body to control symptoms such as pain or nausea. The main purpose of acupressure is to stimulate the regions associated with the specific organ by applying pressure with energy channels called meridians. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Visual Analog Scale (VAS) | Pain will be evaluated by using the "Visual Analog Skala (VAS)" . The Visual Analog Scale is used to measure the pain perceived by the person. There is a 10 cm mark on the one end of the scale, where there is no pain (zero), and on the other end there is the most severe (10) pain. Between the (100 mm.) part, the individual can indicate his or her pain by drawing a line, putting a dot or pointing. The distance from the point where there is no pain to the point marked by the individual is measured in centimeters, and the value found indicates the severity of the individual's pain. In the VAS scale, 0-44 mm indicates mild pain, 45-74 mm indicates moderate pain, while 75-100 mm indicates severe pain. | change from before the intervention, at the end of Cycle 1, cycle 2 and cycle 3 (each cycle is 28 days). |
| Menstrual Symptom Questionnaire (MSQ) | Menstrual symptoms will be evaluated by using the "Menstrual Symptom Questionnaire ". The Menstrual Symptom Questionnaire was developed by Chesney and Tasto in 1975 to assess menstrual pain and symptoms. The scale, which is a five-point Likert type and consists of 24 items, was updated by Negriff et al. in 2009 by re-evaluating its factor structure and usability. The MSQ score is calculated by taking the total mean score of the items in the scale. An increase in the mean score indicates an increase in the severity of menstrual symptoms. The original Cronbach's Alpha value of the scale was .86 and had three sub-dimensions: "Negative Effects/Somatic Complaints", "Menstrual Pain" and "Abdominal Pain". The Turkish validity and reliability study of the Menstruation Symptom Questionnaire was performed by Güvenç et al. in 2014. Two items (6th and 17th items) in the original of the scale were removed from the scale because they had an item-total score correlation of less than 0.30. The scale | change from before the intervention, at the end of Cycle 1, cycle 2 and cycle 3 (each cycle is 28 days). |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| General Comfort Scale (GAS) | Comfort level will be evaluated by using the "General Comfort Scale (GAS)". It was developed by Kolcaba (1992) by taking the taxonomic structure, which includes three levels and four dimensions that make up the theoretical components of comfort, as a guide. The GAQ, which is suitable for Turkish society by Kuğuoğlu and Karabacak (2008), is of four and six-point Likert type, contains 24 positive and 24 negative items, and the response patterns are given in mixed form. The scale consists of three levels: relief (16 items), relaxation (17 items) and overcoming problems (15 items); It consists of four dimensions, namely the physical dimension (12 items), the psychospiritual dimension (13 items), the environmental dimension (13 items), and the sociocultural dimension (10 items). In the evaluation of the scale; Negative scores obtained are reverse coded and added up with positive items. The highest total score that can be obtained from the scale is 192, and the lowest total score is 48. The |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mersin University | Yenişehir | Mersin | 33140 | Turkey (Türkiye) |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 40605053 | Derived | Aksoy-Can A, Buldum A, Abic A, Vefikulucay-Yilmaz D. The effect of acupressure on pain, menstrual symptoms, and comfort in adolescents with primary dysmenorrhea: a single-blind randomized controlled trial. BMC Complement Med Ther. 2025 Jul 2;25(1):221. doi: 10.1186/s12906-025-04965-0. |
| Label | URL |
|---|---|
| The effects of acupressure on severity of primary dysmenorrhea | View source |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D010146 | Pain |
| D012816 | Signs and Symptoms |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D009461 | Neurologic Manifestations |
| D013568 | Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D019050 | Acupressure |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D064746 | Therapy, Soft Tissue |
| D026201 | Musculoskeletal Manipulations |
| D000529 | Complementary Therapies |
| D013812 | Therapeutics |
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Prospective, parallel, two arm, randomized controlled clinical trial
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Adolescents who agreed to participate in the study by signing the voluntary consent form after being informed about the study will be assigned to the study or placebo groups by matching the numbers on the envelope according to their school numbers. In the study, a researcher will determine the acupressure and placebo points to be applied in adolescents and this researcher will make the first cycle application. Therefore, the researcher cannot be blinded. However, the participants will practice and be blinded without knowing whether the points to be treated are the acupressure point or the placebo point. Thus, the research will be carried out as a single-blind randomized controlled trial. When the research is completed, the data of the control and study groups (coded as A or B) will be transferred to the computer environment by a researcher independent of the research, and the data will be analyzed by a statistician and the findings will be reported.
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| Placebo acupressure | Other | Placebo acupressure is manual pressure applied to unreal acupressure points. |
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| change from before the intervention, at the end of Cycle 1, cycle 2 and cycle 3 (each cycle is 28 days). |
| Effectıveness Of Abdomınal Stretchıng Exercıse And Sanyınjıao Acupressure To Relıeve Dysmenorrhea Paın | View source |
| D026741 | Physical Therapy Modalities |
| D012046 | Rehabilitation |