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Body Dysmorphic Disorder (BDD) affects 2.3% of the population and is characterized by excessive concerns with imagined or minor defects in physical appearance. Retrospective outcome studies suggest patients affected by BDD don't typically benefit from surgical treatments while cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT) appears to provide symptom - reducing and distress - reducing benefits. Two different 8-week online CBT approaches to assisting individuals with this disorder are compared: one approach will integrate mindfulness meditation methods (in combination with CBT) and one approach will employ CBT methods without reference to mindfulness meditation.
Body Dysmorphic Disorder (BDD) affects 2.3% of the population and is characterized by excessive concerns with imagined or minor defects in physical appearance. Retrospective outcome studies suggest patients affected by BDD typically do not benefit from surgical treatments while cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT) appears to provide symptom - reducing and distress - reducing benefits. In this study two different 8-week online CBT approaches to assist individuals with this disorder are compared: one approach will integrate mindfulness meditation methods (in combination with CBT) and one approach will employ CBT methods without reference to mindfulness meditation.
The purpose of this comparison is to ascertain whether the inclusions of the two additional intervention modalities, demonstrated effective in other studies, adds to positive outcome effects in this disorder. A primary hypothesis is that the 8 week post-intervention outcomes associated with the CBT-mindfulness approach will show significantly more benefit than the comparison group.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Experimental | Experimental | Online cognitive behavioural therapy with the added components of mindfulness meditation |
|
| Active comparator | Active Comparator | Online cognitive behavioural therapy alone |
|
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CBT + Mindfulness | Behavioral | Eight weeks of online CBT intervention combined with mindfulness |
|
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Body Dysmorphic Disorder Symptom Scale | A 55-item scale which asks for presence/absence of symptoms and the degree of severity | Baseline, Post-Intervention at 8 weeks following Baseline |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Patient Health Questionnaire - 9 | A 9-item self report scale that asks for symptoms of depression and anxiety | Baseline, Post-Intervention at 8 weeks following Baseline |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| General Anxiety Disorder - 7 | A 7-item self report scale that asks for symptoms of anxiety | Baseline, Post-Intervention at 8 weeks following Baseline |
| Brief Pain Inventory | A 11-item self report scale that asks for symptoms of pain experience |
Inclusion Criteria: On the Body Dysmorphic Disorder Questionnaire, responses indicating current BDD status; -
Exclusion Criteria: Individuals who are currently receiving weekly structured psychotherapy or who meet DSM-V criteria for severe alcohol/substance use disorder in the past 3 months or demonstrated clinically significant suicidal ideation defined as imminent intent, or attempted suicide in the past 6 months. Individuals of co-morbid diagnoses of borderline personality, schizophrenia, bipolar disorder and/or obsessive compulsive disorder are excluded.
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| Name | Role | Phone | Extension | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Paul Ritvo, PhD | Contact | 4165808021 | pritvo@yorku.ca | |
| Camrie Kerry, BA | Contact | Camrie@yorku.ca |
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| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| York University | Recruiting | Toronto | Ontario | M4E 3C1 | Canada |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 34130638 | Background | Kuck N, Cafitz L, Burkner PC, Hoppen L, Wilhelm S, Buhlmann U. Body dysmorphic disorder and self-esteem: a meta-analysis. BMC Psychiatry. 2021 Jun 15;21(1):310. doi: 10.1186/s12888-021-03185-3. | |
| 38865704 | Derived | Kerry C, Mann P, Babaei N, Katz J, Pirbaglou M, Ritvo P. Web-Based Therapist-Guided Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Body Dysmorphic Disorder: Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial. JMIR Ment Health. 2024 Jun 12;11:e55283. doi: 10.2196/55283. |
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Publication of results
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D057215 | Body Dysmorphic Disorders |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D013001 | Somatoform Disorders |
| D001523 | Mental Disorders |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D064866 | Mindfulness |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D015928 | Cognitive Behavioral Therapy |
| D001521 | Behavior Therapy |
| D011613 | Psychotherapy |
| D004191 | Behavioral Disciplines and Activities |
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This is a parallel group randomized clinical trial with two active comparison conditions
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Participant will not be informed about which comparison condition to which she has been assigned
| Baseline, Post-Intervention at 8 weeks following Baseline |