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In order to maintain independence and prevent disability, it is essential to identify associated factors and reduce functional loss due to concomitant diseases. This study aimed to examine the effects of frailty, balance, and depression on the performance of activities of daily living in older adults. All participants were assessed using the Mini Mental State Test, simple FRAIL scale, Geriatric Depression Scale-Short Form, and Lawton Instrumental Activities of Daily Living Scale (IADL).
As the global population becomes older, the importance of preserving health, function, and quality of life is being increasingly recognized. In order to maintain independence and prevent disability, it is essential to identify associated factors and reduce functional loss due to concomitant diseases. This study aimed to examine the effects of frailty, balance, and depression on the performance of activities of daily living in older adults. All participants were assessed using the Mini Mental State Test, simple FRAIL scale, Geriatric Depression Scale-Short Form, and Lawton Instrumental Activities of Daily Living Scale (IADL).
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| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Mini Mental State Test | Cognitive function was assessed using the MMST, which consists of 11 items. The MMST has a maximum score of 30 points; scores above 24 points are considered sufficient and scores lower than 20 indicate cognitive impairment | at the enrollment |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| FRAIL scale | This 5-item scale was developed by Morley et al. in 2012. People with a score of 0 points are regarded as normal, 1-2 points as pre-frail, and 3-5 points as frail | at the enrollment |
| Berg Balance Scale |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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adults aged 65 years or older who were registered at Community Health Center No.1 in City Central Amasya.
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Seda Saka, PT, PhD | Haliç University | Study Director |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Haliç University | Istanbul | Turkey (Türkiye) |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 31011080 | Result | Vieira ER, Da Silva RA, Severi MT, Barbosa AC, Amick Iii BC, Zevallos JC, Martinez IL, Chaves PHM. Balance and Gait of Frail, Pre-Frail, and Robust Older Hispanics. Geriatrics (Basel). 2018 Jul 18;3(3):42. doi: 10.3390/geriatrics3030042. | |
| 28914718 | Result | Marques LT, Rodrigues NC, Angeluni EO, Dos Santos Pessanha FPA, da Cruz Alves NM, Freire Junior RC, Ferriolli E, de Abreu DCC. Balance Evaluation of Prefrail and Frail Community-Dwelling Older Adults. J Geriatr Phys Ther. 2019 Jul/Sep;42(3):176-182. doi: 10.1519/JPT.0000000000000147. |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D000073496 | Frailty |
| D003863 | Depression |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D010335 | Pathologic Processes |
| D013568 | Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms |
| D001526 | Behavioral Symptoms |
| D001519 | Behavior |
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Balance was assessed using the BBS, which was developed to measure balance performance. It includes 14 instructions, each of which is scored between 0-4 based on performance of the instruction. The BBS is administered in 10-20 minutes and the maximum score is 56. A score of 0-20 points indicates impaired balance, 21-40 points indicates acceptable balance, and 41-56 points indicates good balance
| at the enrollment |
| Geriatric Depression Scale-Short Form | The GDS-SF was used to assess the participants' depression level. The scale consists of 15 yes/no questions about the participant's feelings in the past week. Each item is scored 0 or 1, with a higher score indicating the presence of more depressive symptoms | at the enrollment |
| Lawton Instrumental Activities of Daily Living Scale | The scale consists of 8 items including information about using the telephone, preparing food, shopping, doing daily household chores, doing laundry, using transport, using drugs, and managing money. Scores range from 0 (dependent) to 8 (independent) | at the enrollment |