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| Name | Class |
|---|---|
| University of Turku | OTHER |
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Randomized controlled trial to further assess the impact of a digital intervention on hand hygiene of young children. Children in intervention kindergartens will see live instructions and feedback on their hand washing activity in reals-time / while washing hands. Aim of the study is to better understand behavior change of young children.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Control group | No Intervention | The control group receives no screen next to the sink. | |
| Instruction group | Experimental | The reward group receives a screen next to each sink in kindergarten. On the screen, hand washing instructions are shown during hand washing. After a defined time period, the screen is removed. |
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| Reward group | Experimental | The reward group receives a screen next to each sink in kindergarten. On the screen, hand washing instructions are shown during hand washing. If hands are washed correctly (time and soap usage), a reward (animal animation) is shown on the screen. After a defined time period, the screen is removed. |
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| Reward plus instruction-only group | Experimental | The reward plus instruction group receives a screen next to each sink in kindergarten. On the screen, hand washing instructions are shown during hand washing. If hands are washed correctly (time and soap usage), a reward (animal animation) is shown on the screen. After a defined time period, the screen only shows instructions, the reward is not shown anymore. After a defined time period, the screen is removed. |
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| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Digital hand washing instructions | Device | Tablet displaying animated hand washing instructions |
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| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Handwashing motivation of children (measured as soaping time by digital system). | Motivation of children, measured as soaping time (activity level) by digital system. Activity level is used as a proxy for motivation. | up to 3 months |
| Handwashing motivation of children (investigated with observation questionnaire for children in kindergarten) | Motivation of children, investigated with observation questionnaire (covering different steps of handwashing) of children while washing hands in kindergarten. In the observation questionnaire, each step of handwashing is rated on a scale (with highest number meaning highest compliance to handwashing instructions). Activity level (as measured by observation questionnaire) is used as a proxy for motivation. | up to 3 months |
| Self-efficacy of children (investigated with interviews with children) | Self-efficacy of children is measured in interviews with the children. The interview questionnaires for the children are based on Bandura's concept of self-efficacy. The scale that is used in the interview questionnaires is specially developed for our experiment. | up to 3 months |
| Self-efficacy of children (investigated with interviews with staff) | Self-efficacy of children is measured in interviews with the kindergarten staff. The interview questionnaires for the staff (for evaluating children's self-efficacy) are based on Bandura's concept of self-efficacy. The scale that is used in the interview questionnaires is specially developed for our experiment. | up to 3 months |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Sickness days of children (as recorded by kindergarten management) | Sickness days of children, recorded by kindergarten management on a daily basis. | Up to one year |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Sanna Salanterä, Prof. Dr. | University of Turku | Principal Investigator |
| Joanna Graichen, M.Sc. | Otto-Friedrich-University Bamberg | Principal Investigator |
| Anni Pakarinen, PhD | University of Turku | Principal Investigator |
| Carlo Stingl, M.Sc. | Otto-Friedrich-University Bamberg | Principal Investigator |
| Riitta Mieronkoski | University of Turku | Principal Investigator |
| Glenda Dangis | University of Turku | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| University of Turku | Turku | 20520 | Finland | |||
| Otto-Friedrich-University Bamberg |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 36693062 | Derived | Dangis G, Terho K, Graichen J, Gunther SA, Rosio R, Salantera S, Staake T, Stingl C, Pakarinen A. Hand hygiene of kindergarten children-Understanding the effect of live feedback on handwashing behaviour, self-efficacy, and motivation of young children: Protocol for a multi-arm cluster randomized controlled trial. PLoS One. 2023 Jan 24;18(1):e0280686. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0280686. eCollection 2023. |
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| Digital hand washing reward | Device | Tablet displaying animated hand washing instructions and animated animals as reward |
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| Bamberg |
| 96047 |
| Germany |