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This study is being done to understand body's response to hybrid home-based and on-site rehabilitation program utilizing individually tailored exercises throughout a total of 18 sessions with 12 of them occurring onsite, in people with and without chronic respiratory diseases, such as Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) and Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) and in individuals recovered from COVID-19. Exercise training programs vary widely for people with COPD, OSA, and during prolonged recovery from COVID infection. This study will help identify if this program is helpful to address muscle loss and fatigue specifically in populations with and without chronic respiratory diseases.
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| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Exercise (Resistance Training | Behavioral | Resistance Training done both at home and on site using either dumbells or keiser pneumatic exercise machines respectively |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Whole-body protein and amino acid metabolism response to training | Whole-body production rate measured after stable tracer administration | up to 8 weeks Exercise Intervention |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Body Composition using Dual Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry bone density | Measurement of bone mineral density (g/cm^2)between COPD patients and healthy older adults using DXA | up to 8 week Exercise Intervention |
| Body Composition using Dual Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry Muscle |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Ability to walk, sit down and stand up independently
-or- Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA)
-or- 2 weeks post-recovered* from laboratory confirmed case of COVID
● Willingness and ability to comply with the protocol
*Recovered is defined according to Brazos County Health District as someone who has been fever-free for 24 hours without fever-reducing medications, and it has been 10 days after onset of symptoms.
Inclusion criteria control subjects
Exclusion Criteria:
Unable to exercise due to physical limitations (i.e. neuromuscular and/or orthopedic disorders)
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| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Texas A&M University | College Station | Texas | 77843 | United States |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 42149813 | Derived | Huttl VN, Deutz N, Wierzchowska-McNew RA, Ruebush LE, Engelen M. Whole-body and intracellular arginine metabolism in hypertension: role of disease severity and sex. Am J Hypertens. 2026 May 18:hpag047. doi: 10.1093/ajh/hpag047. Online ahead of print. | |
| 40946231 | Derived | Yu AK, Deutz NEP, Perez CN, DeWandel S, Ruebush LE, Engelen MPKJ. The acute effects of alpha-lactalbumin intake on tryptophan metabolites and mood in older adults with Mild Cognitive Impairment. Nutr Neurosci. 2026 Feb;29(2):180-194. doi: 10.1080/1028415X.2025.2554359. Epub 2025 Sep 14. |
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Data may be shared upon request for up to 6 years beyond completion of the trial based on methods/proposal approved by both parties' institutional review committees. Individual participant data that underlie the results of the trial may be shared after de-identification (text, tables, figures, and appendices). Additional documents available per request include: study protocol, statistical analysis plan, and informed consent. Requests should be directed to Dr. Marielle Engelen (mpkj.engelen@ctral.org).
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D000086382 | COVID-19 |
| D029424 | Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D011024 | Pneumonia, Viral |
| D011014 | Pneumonia |
| D012141 | Respiratory Tract Infections |
| D007239 | Infections |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D015444 | Exercise |
| D055070 | Resistance Training |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D009043 | Motor Activity |
| D009068 | Movement |
| D009142 | Musculoskeletal Physiological Phenomena |
| D055687 | Musculoskeletal and Neural Physiological Phenomena |
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Measurement of muscle mass (kg) |
| up to 8 week Exercise Intervention |
| Body Composition using Dual Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry Fat | Measurement of fat mass (kg) | up to 8 week Exercise Intervention |
| Bone mineral density by BIA | Differences in muscle mass (kg), fat mass (kg), and extra- and intracellular fluid (L) between COPD patients and healthy older adults using BIA. | up to 8 week Exercise Intervention |
| Handgrip strength dynamometry by Handgrip Dynamometer | Difference and changes in handgrip strength pre and post exercise | up to 8 week Exercise Intervention |
| 6 minute walk test distance by 6 minute walk test | With this sub-maximal exercise test, aerobic capacity and endurance will be compared between COPD patients and healthy older adults. The outcome is the distance covered over a time of 6 minutes. | up to 8 week Exercise Intervention |
| Skeletal muscle strength of leg by Kin-Com | Difference in muscle strength of leg using kin-com machine between pre and post exercise intervention. | up to 8 week Exercise Intervention |
| C-reactive protein by Blood Analysis | Differences and changes in the concentration of the inflammatory marker C-reactive protein | up to 8 week Exercise Intervention |
| Attention and executive functions measured by Trail Making Test (TMT) | In Part A, the examinee is instructed to connect a set of 25 circles with numbers as quickly as possible while maintaining accuracy. In Part B, the examinee is instructed to connect a set of 25 circles, alternating between numbers and letters, as quickly as possible while maintaining accuracy. Measures attentional resources and is a measure of the frontal lobe "executive" functions of visual search, set-switching and mental flexibility. The total time in seconds will be recorded for each measure. | up to 8 week Exercise Intervention |
| Attention and executive functions measured by Stroop Color-Word Test (SCWT) | A word page with words printed in black ink, a color page with blocks printed in color, and a color-word page where the color and the word do not match. The examinee reads the words or names the ink colors as quickly as possible within a time limit. Measures selective attention and inhibitory control. The total time in seconds was reported for each trial. | up to 8 week Exercise Intervention |
| Gut function as reported by "The Gastrointestinal Symptom Rating Scale" | Self-administered questionnaire regarding gut function and associated symptoms. It is composed of 15 items (7-Point Likert Scale) assessing Reflux, Abdominal pain, Indigestion, Diarrhoea and Constipation. Scores range from 15 to 105 with a higher score indicating more discomfort. | up to 8 week Exercise Intervention |
| Physical activity as reported by "Physical Activity Scale for the Elderly | Self-administered questionnaire is intended for use in an elderly population and focuses on 3 types of activities: leisure time activities, household activities and work-related activities. | up to 8 week Exercise Intervention |
| State of mood as measured by the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) | A fourteen item self-assessment scale. Seven of the items related to anxiety and seven relate to depression. Each item on the questionnaire is scored from 0-3 and this means that a person can score between 0 (no symptoms) and 21 (severe symptoms) for either anxiety or depression. | up to 8 week Exercise Intervention |
| COPD Assessment Test | Self-administered questionnaire regarding impact of COPD on daily life | up to 8 week Exercise Intervention |
| 3-day diet diary | The subject is asked to note in detail all the food and drinks consumed during 3 days (2 week days and 1 weekend day) in the week prior to each test day. | up to 8 week Exercise Intervention |
| Group differences in learning and memory as measured by Digit Span | Recall of numbers in the same order (Digit Forward) and in reverse order (Digit Backward). Measures auditory attention and verbal working memory. | up to 8 week Exercise Intervention |
| Group differences in overall cognitive abilities as measured by Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) | Assesses several cognitive domains and is used for the screening of mild cognitive impairment. Total scores range from 0-30 with lower scores indicating decreased functioning. | up to 8 week Exercise Intervention |
| Group differences in state of mood as measured by the Profile of Mood State (POMS) | A psychological distress scale to measure mood disturbance in 6 domains - fatigue-inertia, vigor-activity, tension-anxiety, depression-dejection, anger-hostility, and confusion-bewilderment. | up to 8 week Exercise Intervention |
| Group differences in learning and memory as measured by Controlled Oral Word Association Test (COWAT) | The examinee is required to say as many words as they can think of in one minute that begin with a given letter of the alphabet. The task contains three trials. Measures phonemic verbal fluency. The raw score (total and mean words recorded across the three trials) will be reported. | up to 8 week Exercise Intervention |
| Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy - Fatigue (FACIT-F) | Quality of life concerns related to fatigue will be assessed only in COPD patients with this questionnaire. | up to 8 week Exercise Intervention |
| Peak Power and Strength by Keiser Resistance Training Equipment | Changes in Peak Power and Strength measured through testing completed using Keiser Pneumatic Resistance Training Devices | up to 8 week Exercise Intervention |
| D014777 |
| Virus Diseases |
| D018352 | Coronavirus Infections |
| D003333 | Coronaviridae Infections |
| D030341 | Nidovirales Infections |
| D012327 | RNA Virus Infections |
| D008171 | Lung Diseases |
| D012140 | Respiratory Tract Diseases |
| D008173 | Lung Diseases, Obstructive |
| D002908 | Chronic Disease |
| D020969 | Disease Attributes |
| D010335 | Pathologic Processes |
| D013568 | Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms |
| D005081 | Exercise Therapy |
| D012046 | Rehabilitation |
| D000359 | Aftercare |
| D003266 | Continuity of Patient Care |
| D005791 | Patient Care |
| D013812 | Therapeutics |
| D026741 | Physical Therapy Modalities |
| D064797 | Physical Conditioning, Human |