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Methods: 100 consecutive patients with their first ever ischemic stroke were enrolled in the study. 56 randomly selected patients were subjected to stimulation of salivation, the remaining patients were not stimulated. The severity of the neurological condition was assessed using the NIHSS scale on days 1, 3 and 7 of stroke. The incidence of periodontal diseases was classified using the Hall's scale in the 1st day of stroke. On days 1 and 7 of stroke, the concentration of IL-1beta, MMP8, OPG and RANKL in the patients' saliva was assessed using the Elisa technique. At the same time, the level of CRP and the number of leukocytes in the peripheral blood were tested on days 1, 3 and 7 of the stroke, and the incidence of upper respiratory and urinary tract infections was assessed.
The course of an ischemic stroke varies by many factors. The influence of periodontal diseases and the stimulation of salivation on the course and difficulty of stroke remains unresolved.
Methods: 100 consecutive patients with their first ever ischemic stroke were enrolled in the study. 56 randomly selected patients were subjected to stimulation of salivation, the remaining patients were not stimulated. The severity of the neurological condition was assessed using the NIHSS scale on days 1, 3 and 7 of stroke. The incidence of periodontal diseases was classified using the Hall's scale in the 1st day of stroke. On days 1 and 7 of stroke, the concentration of IL-1beta, MMP8, OPG and RANKL in the patients' saliva was assessed using the Elisa technique. At the same time, the level of CRP and the number of leukocytes in the peripheral blood were tested on days 1, 3 and 7 of the stroke, and the incidence of upper respiratory and urinary tract infections was assessed.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| saliva-stimulated group | Experimental | In approximately 50 randomly selected patients (group 1), from the second day of admission until the end of hospitalization, a 15-minute manual stimulation of the submandibular and sublingual bib was performed internally and externally. In addition, oral hygiene was performed in patients, taking into account the tongue and cheeks. |
|
| the group in which the saliva was not stimulated | No Intervention | There was no saliva in the group of 50 patients |
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| saliva stimulation | Diagnostic Test | In 50 patients with ischemic stroke, saliva was the option of a neurologopedic massage of choice |
|
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| evaluation of saliva parameters od day 1 | On the first day of admission, saliva (2 ml) is collected and the parameters are MMP8 (ng/mL), OPG ( (ng/mL) and RANKL (ng/mL) | day 1 of stroke |
| evaluation of saliva parameters od day 1 | On the first day of admission, saliva (2 ml) is collected and the parameter IL-1Beta(pg/mL) | day 1 of stroke |
| assessment of blood parameters from day 1 | Assessment of CRP(mg/L) in blood on the first day of hospitalization | day 1 of stroke |
| assessment of blood parameters from day 1 | Assessment of WBC( G/µL)in blood on the first day of hospitalization | day 1 of stroke |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| evaluation of saliva parameters- second measurement | On the seventh day of admission, saliva (2 ml) is collected with the parameters MMP8MMP8 (ng/mL), OPG ( (ng/mL) and RANKL (ng/mL) | day 7 of stroke |
| evaluation of saliva parameters- second measurement |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Neurological assessment using the NIHSS scale | On admission, the patient's neurological status is assessed using the NIHSS scale | day 1 of stroke |
| Neurological assessment using the NIHSS scale | On the third, the patient's neurological status is assessed using the NIHSS scale |
Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Wioletta W Pawlukowska, dr hab. | Department of Neurology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland | Study Chair |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Departmen of Neurology | Szczecin | Unii Lubelskiej | 71-228 | Poland |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 16298220 | Background | Pihlstrom BL, Michalowicz BS, Johnson NW. Periodontal diseases. Lancet. 2005 Nov 19;366(9499):1809-20. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(05)67728-8. | |
| 19774803 | Background | Blaizot A, Vergnes JN, Nuwwareh S, Amar J, Sixou M. Periodontal diseases and cardiovascular events: meta-analysis of observational studies. Int Dent J. 2009 Aug;59(4):197-209. |
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| ID | Type | URL | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|
| Individual Participant Data Set | View IPD |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D010510 | Periodontal Diseases |
| D020521 | Stroke |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D009059 | Mouth Diseases |
| D009057 | Stomatognathic Diseases |
| D002561 | Cerebrovascular Disorders |
| D001927 | Brain Diseases |
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On the seven day of admission, saliva (2 ml) is collected and the parameter IL-1Beta(pg/mL) |
| day 7 of stroke |
| assessment of blood parameters from day 7 | Assessment of CRP(mg/L) in blood on the seven day of hospitalization | day 7 of stroke |
| assessment of blood parameters from day 7 | Assessment of WBC( G/µL)in blood on the seven day of hospitalization | day 7 of stroke |
| day 3 of stroke |
| Neurological assessment using the NIHSS scale | On the seventh day, the patient's neurological status is assessed using the NIHSS scale | day 7 of stroke |
| 10728977 | Background | Mattila KJ, Asikainen S, Wolf J, Jousimies-Somer H, Valtonen V, Nieminen M. Age, dental infections, and coronary heart disease. J Dent Res. 2000 Feb;79(2):756-60. doi: 10.1177/00220345000790020901. |
| 24348618 | Background | Hashemipour MA, Afshar AJ, Borna R, Seddighi B, Motamedi A. Gingivitis and periodontitis as a risk factor for stroke: A case-control study in the Iranian population. Dent Res J (Isfahan). 2013 Sep;10(5):613-9. |
| 14707235 | Background | Grau AJ, Becher H, Ziegler CM, Lichy C, Buggle F, Kaiser C, Lutz R, Bultmann S, Preusch M, Dorfer CE. Periodontal disease as a risk factor for ischemic stroke. Stroke. 2004 Feb;35(2):496-501. doi: 10.1161/01.STR.0000110789.20526.9D. Epub 2004 Jan 5. |
| 23278448 | Background | Pinho MM, Faria-Almeida R, Azevedo E, Manso MC, Martins L. Periodontitis and atherosclerosis: an observational study. J Periodontal Res. 2013 Aug;48(4):452-7. doi: 10.1111/jre.12026. Epub 2012 Dec 30. |
| 25014033 | Background | Orlandi M, Suvan J, Petrie A, Donos N, Masi S, Hingorani A, Deanfield J, D'Aiuto F. Association between periodontal disease and its treatment, flow-mediated dilatation and carotid intima-media thickness: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Atherosclerosis. 2014 Sep;236(1):39-46. doi: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2014.06.002. Epub 2014 Jun 17. |
| 20732683 | Background | Carallo C, Fortunato L, de Franceschi MS, Irace C, Tripolino C, Cristofaro MG, Giudice M, Gnasso A. Periodontal disease and carotid atherosclerosis: are hemodynamic forces a link? Atherosclerosis. 2010 Nov;213(1):263-7. doi: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2010.07.025. Epub 2010 Jul 29. |
| 18294231 | Background | Paraskevas S, Huizinga JD, Loos BG. A systematic review and meta-analyses on C-reactive protein in relation to periodontitis. J Clin Periodontol. 2008 Apr;35(4):277-90. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-051X.2007.01173.x. Epub 2008 Feb 20. |
| 11107570 | Result | Czlonkowska A, Ryglewicz D. [Epidemiology of cerebral stroke in Poland]. Neurol Neurochir Pol. 1999;32 Suppl 6:99-103. Polish. |
| D002493 |
| Central Nervous System Diseases |
| D009422 | Nervous System Diseases |
| D014652 | Vascular Diseases |
| D002318 | Cardiovascular Diseases |