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In the era of science and technology, footwear has become not only an essential item of clothing, but also another tool for the optimal development of children, the improvement of work and sports performance or the prevention and treatment of pathologies.
The anthropometric characteristics of the child's foot differ considerably from those of the adult foot, in fact, it is not until the age of 18-19 years that the structure of the foot is finally consolidated. Therefore, it is essential that footwear manufacturers know these characteristics to achieve an adequate design.
Current scientific evidence highlights the importance of considering the unique morphology of the infant foot, as well as the high functional demands to which footwear is subjected at these ages. There is a lack of studies that analyze in detail the shape of the child's foot.
Given that the data we have so far comes from studies that are not very current and on small samples, there is a need to update these variables to transfer these results to the productive fabric.
Therefore, the objective of this research is to carry out an anthropometric and biomechanical analysis of the infant foot in order to use these data in the creation of a standard last that respects its morphology.
Subsequently, said last will be subjected to different fit tests to verify its correct adaptation to the foot in this population group.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Anthropometric study of children's feet and healthy standard last design: | Experimental | An anthropometric study of the feet of the subjects included in the sample will be carried out. The variables of interest used in this work are collected by digitizing the foot and ankle of each person, as well as through an anonymous questionnaire, which the study volunteers and their parents or legal guardians fill out and deliver. From the data collected, 5 models of healthy standard last will be produced that are adapted to the anthropometric characteristics of our study population: sports last, boot last, sandal last, ballerina last and moccasin last. |
|
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Anthropometric study | Diagnostic Test | Once the 5 models of lasts have been produced in phase 1, certain shoe models will be designed and manufactured based on these lasts at random and at the free choice of the designers of a footwear company. These models will then be physically tested on children to analyze their effects on walking and walking. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Shoe test | Using different reference points of the foot, the areas to be measured will be measured in millimeters. They are collected by digitizing the foot and ankle of each person, using the 3D scanner and the IcadPie Software. | Up to 3 month |
| Plantar pressure | Based on sensory technology, the sensors are placed along a fixed platform, connected via a universal serial bus cable to a computer and appropriate software. The sensors, by supporting pressure, generate a potential difference that can be measured. This electrical voltage value is detected by the sensors themselves, and a computer program reinterprets it in the form of a graph with the captured values. The graph consists of a plantar footprint with a range of colors, according to the relative baropressure captured. This instrument would provide us with quantifiable data about how load patterns behave in bare feet and shoes, in order to establish useful comparisons in our study | Up to 3 month |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| AnÃbal Báez Suárez, PhD | University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria | Study Chair |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Manuel Pereira DomÃnguez. | Seville | 41003 | Spain |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 18417345 | Result | Alvarez C, De Vera M, Chhina H, Black A. Normative data for the dynamic pedobarographic profiles of children. Gait Posture. 2008 Aug;28(2):309-15. doi: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2008.01.017. Epub 2008 Apr 15. | |
| 25881810 | Result | Beulertz J, Bloch W, Prokop A, Rustler V, Fitzen C, Herich L, Streckmann F, Baumann FT. Limitations in Ankle Dorsiflexion Range of Motion, Gait, and Walking Efficiency in Childhood Cancer Survivors. Cancer Nurs. 2016 Mar-Apr;39(2):117-24. doi: 10.1097/NCC.0000000000000256. |
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| 27458719 | Result | Bok SK, Lee H, Kim BO, Ahn S, Song Y, Park I. The Effect of Different Foot Orthosis Inverted Angles on Plantar Pressure in Children with Flexible Flatfeet. PLoS One. 2016 Jul 26;11(7):e0159831. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0159831. eCollection 2016. |
| 25251796 | Result | Buckland MA, Slevin CM, Hafer JF, Choate C, Kraszewski AP; Hospital for Special Surgery Pediatric Research Team. The effect of torsional shoe flexibility on gait and stability in children learning to walk. Pediatr Phys Ther. 2014 Winter;26(4):411-7. doi: 10.1097/PEP.0000000000000084. |
| 31077163 | Result | Gonzalez Elena ML, Cordoba-Fernandez A. Footwear fit in schoolchildren of southern Spain: a population study. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2019 May 10;20(1):208. doi: 10.1186/s12891-019-2591-3. |
| 40746028 | Derived | Dominguez MP, Blanco SG, Paralera-Morales C, Martinez AR, Quintana-Montesdeoca MP, Baez-Suarez A. Anthropometric Foot Variations in Children: A Cross-Sectional Study Supporting Sex-Based Last Design. J Foot Ankle Res. 2025 Sep;18(3):e70069. doi: 10.1002/jfa2.70069. |