This randomized controlled trial aims at evaluating the efficacy and safety of the antidiabetics metformin versus empagliflozin on chronic kidney disease (CKD) progression in patients with CKD stages 2 or/and 3.

Inclusion Criteria:

• Patients with mild or/and moderate chronic kidney disease (stages 2 or/and 3, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) between 30-89 ml/min/1.73 m2) at the time of the baseline visit.
• Patients with and without type 2 diabetes.
• Patients with or without proteinuria.
• Age: ≥ 18 years.

Exclusion Criteria:

• Type 1 diabetes.
• Patients with eGFR ˂30 ml/min/1.73 m2.
• Patients with known hepatic cell failure.
• Decompensated heart requiring acute management.
• Active malignancy.
• Planned coronary or surgical interventions.
• Known hypersensitivity to study medications.
• Chronic inflammation, trauma, or infection.
• Pregnant or lactating women.
• Patients already on metformin or a sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitor.
• Any of the study treatments labeled contraindications.