Efficacy and Safety of Metformin Versus Empagliflozin on Chronic Kidney Disease Progression

Clinical Study Evaluating the Efficacy and Safety of Metformin Versus Empagliflozin for Halting Chronic Kidney Disease Progression

This randomized controlled trial aims at evaluating the efficacy and safety of the antidiabetics metformin versus empagliflozin on chronic kidney disease (CKD) progression in patients with CKD stages 2 or/and 3.

Inclusion Criteria:

• Patients with mild or/and moderate chronic kidney disease (stages 2 or/and 3, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) between 30-89 ml/min/1.73 m2) at the time of the baseline visit.
• Patients with and without type 2 diabetes.
• Patients with or without proteinuria.
• Age: ≥ 18 years.

Exclusion Criteria:

• Type 1 diabetes.
• Patients with eGFR ˂30 ml/min/1.73 m2.
• Patients with known hepatic cell failure.
• Decompensated heart requiring acute management.
• Active malignancy.
• Planned coronary or surgical interventions.
• Known hypersensitivity to study medications.
• Chronic inflammation, trauma, or infection.
• Pregnant or lactating women.
• Patients already on metformin or a sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitor.
• Any of the study treatments labeled contraindications.