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Some plant pathogen fungi may develop in grains, nuts and dry foodstuff during their storage. They secrete toxins which are very resistant and persistent.
The toxins enter the human body through the food. Women eating without their knowledge spoiled food absorb the toxin which is conveyed into their milk. In the same way, meat and dairy products can be contaminated with mycotoxins.
Toxins and their metabolites can have negative effects on pregnant women and on the fetus or infant health.
The main purpose of this trial is to assess the presence of toxins in mothers's milk.
Fungi from the genus Aspergillus, Penicillium, Fusarium and Alternaria can synthesize toxins. These may be carcinogenic, immunotoxic or endocrine disruptors.
In this trial, Zearalenone, Deoxynivalenol, T-2 toxin, Fumonisin B1, Fumonisin B2, Aflatoxin M1, Aflatoxin B1, Aflatoxin B2, Aflatoxin G1, Aflatoxin G2, Ochratoxin A, HT-2 toxin, De-epoxy-deoxynivalanol presence and quantity will be assessed in mother's milk.
Another purpose is to try to pinpoint at the source(s) of contamination.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| breastfeeding mothers | pregnant women after week 37 intending to nurse or nursing mothers of infants aged 1-12 months |
|
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| exposure to mycotoxins | Other | self-report eating questionnaire |
|
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Mycotoxins in breastmilk | To measure mycotoxins and mycotoxins metabolites levels in breast milk | approx. 6 months after recruitment |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Source of contamination | To evaluate the source of the contamination by correlation to food intake and life habits questionnaires. | approx. one year after recruitment |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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pregnant women after week 37 intending to nurse or nursing mothers of infants aged 1-12 months
| Name | Role | Phone | Extension | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Elkana Kohn, Ph.D. | Contact | 972-8-9772181 | elkanak@shamir.gov.il | |
| Ariela M Hazan, BSc | Contact | 972-8-9778465 | arielah@shamir.gov.il |
| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Elkana Kohn, Ph.D. | Shamir (Assaf Harofeh) Medical Center | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Assaf Harofeh Medical Center | Recruiting | Ẕerifin | 70300 | Israel |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 19875698 | Background | Wild CP, Gong YY. Mycotoxins and human disease: a largely ignored global health issue. Carcinogenesis. 2010 Jan;31(1):71-82. doi: 10.1093/carcin/bgp264. Epub 2009 Oct 29. | |
| 31694387 | Background | Tesfamariam K, De Boevre M, Kolsteren P, Belachew T, Mesfin A, De Saeger S, Lachat C. Dietary mycotoxins exposure and child growth, immune system, morbidity, and mortality: a systematic literature review. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr. 2020;60(19):3321-3341. doi: 10.1080/10408398.2019.1685455. Epub 2019 Nov 6. |
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The study protocol will be shared with researchers
starting 6 months after publication
interested colleagues
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D001942 | Breast Feeding |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D005247 | Feeding Behavior |
| D001519 | Behavior |
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milk
| 27300310 | Background | Warth B, Braun D, Ezekiel CN, Turner PC, Degen GH, Marko D. Biomonitoring of Mycotoxins in Human Breast Milk: Current State and Future Perspectives. Chem Res Toxicol. 2016 Jul 18;29(7):1087-97. doi: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.6b00125. Epub 2016 Jun 28. |
| 21864634 | Background | El-Tras WF, El-Kady NN, Tayel AA. Infants exposure to aflatoxin M(1) as a novel foodborne zoonosis. Food Chem Toxicol. 2011 Nov;49(11):2816-9. doi: 10.1016/j.fct.2011.08.008. Epub 2011 Aug 16. |