Participants will receive clinical care following Moffitt standards for the patient's disease type and therapeutic setting. Adjuvant participants will receive 1 year [currently 9-18 cycles] of therapy with avelumab, cemiplimab, ipilimumab, nivolumab, pembrolizumab or relatlimab, or currently approved standard of care treatment, either alone or in combination. Participants also will complete 30 minutes of moderate exercise on an arm ergometer, a cycle ergometer, or a treadmill prior to each administration of standard of care checkpoint blockade immunotherapy across all cycles. Blood samples will be collected at 1) baseline (upon arrival to clinic), 2) post-exercise, and 3) post-infusion. Blood samples will be obtained on the first, third, midpoint, and final infusion dates.

Participants will receive clinical care following Moffitt standards for the patients disease type and therapeutic setting. Adjuvant participants will receive one year [currently 9-18 cycles] of therapy with avelumab, cemiplimab, ipilimumab, nivolumab, pembrolizumab, relatlimab, or currently approved standard of care treatment, either alone or in combination. Blood samples will be collected at 1) baseline (upon arrival to clinic) and 2) post-infusion. Blood samples will be obtained on the first, third, midpoint, and final infusion dates.

Participants will complete 30 minutes of moderate exercise on an arm ergometer, a cycle ergometer, or a treadmill prior to each administration of standard of care checkpoint blockade immunotherapy across all cycles. Neoadjuvant participants will receive up to 4 cycles of therapy with avelumab, cemiplimab, ipilimumab, nivolumab, pembrolizumab, or relatlimab, or currently approved standard of care treatment, either alone or in combination. Blood samples will be collected at 1) baseline (upon arrival to clinic), 2) post-exercise, and 3) post-infusion. Blood samples will be obtained on the first and third infusion dates.

30 minutes of moderate exercise on an arm ergometer, a cycle ergometer, or a treadmill prior to each administration of standard of care checkpoint blockade immunotherapy across all cycles

Proportion of patients approached who consent to participate in study, and investigators will determine the 95% confidence interval

Proportion of participants randomized to the exercise intervention who complete at least 75% of schedule exercise routines; 95% CI will be determined for this proportion.

The length of time without signs or symptoms of cancer

The occurrence of pathological complete response in resected tumor tissue. pCR will be determined by absence of tumor cells.