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The World Health Organization (WHO) and professional societies recommend restricted episiotomy instead of routine episiotomy. However, since the 1990s, there has been evidence of the risks of the procedure, and although routine use has no benefit, it is still widely used. In this study, investigators aimed to determine the effect of episiotomy on the wound healing process and pain perception by providing episiotomy wound healing and genital hygiene training with training material created to raise awareness about wound care after episiotomy and to eliminate factors that delay the healing of episiotomy wound.
This study aimed to determine the effect of episiotomy wound care and genital hygiene training on episiotomy wound healing and pain perception.
Methods: In this study, investigators used a randomized controlled trial approach.
It was carried out in the postpartum service of the medical faculty hospital. 128 participants who underlap vaginal postpartum episiotomy were randomly assigned to the experimental and control group. The women who gave birth in the experimental group were given episiotomy wound care and genital hygiene training. The routine postpartum care was given to the participants who gave birth in the control group. The data were collected using the personal information form, the episiotomy area evaluation scale (REEDA score), and the Visual Analog Scale (VAS).
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| training + written and illustrated training brochure | Other | Postpartum first day was given wound care and genital hygiene training (one hour). At the end of the training, the mothers were given a written and illustrated training brochure. |
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| Standard of care (Control group) | No Intervention | Standard of care (Control group) Left to the usual care of the hospital |
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Episiotomy Wound Care and Genital Hygiene Training | Other | Episiotomy wound healing and genital hygiene training were given face-to-face by researchers to the mothers assigned to the training group. The trainings were given to each mother individually in their rooms. The total training lasted an average of one hour. At the end of the training, the mothers were given a written and illustrated training brochure. Training content
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| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Personal information form before intervention | Assessed using personal information. This instrument contains questions on women's sociodemographic and postpartum. | postpartum 1sth day (after birth first 24 hours) |
| Episiotomy Area Evaluation before intervention | Assessed using the Episiotomy Area Evaluation Scale (REEDA SCORE) before intervention. This scale covers five factors indicating perineal wound healing: (1) Redness, (2) Edema, (3) Ecchymosis, (4) Discharge, and (5) Approximation. A total REEDA score is obtained by evaluating each category of these five recovery factors. The scale is evaluated by giving 0, 1, 2, and 3 points to each evaluation. The lowest score is 0 and the highest score is 15. | postpartum 1sth day (after birth first 24 hours) |
| Episiotomy pain Evaluation before intervention | The Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) scale, which would be applied to evaluate episiotomy pain in the postpartum period, was used to convert some values that cannot be measured numerically, and two-end definitions of the parameter to be evaluated are written at both ends of a 100 mm line. The participant was asked to indicate where his or her condition is suitable on this line by drawing a line or by placing a dot or pointing. "No pain" is written on one end and "very severe pain" on the opposite end; the participant was asked to mark the pain condition on this line.was used to convert some values that could not be measured numerically, and two-end definitions of the parameter to be evaluated are written at both ends of a 100 mm line. | postpartum 1sth day (after birth first 24 hours) |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Episiotomy Area Evaluation after intervention | Assessed using the Episiotomy Area Evaluation Scale (REEDA SCORE) before intervention. This scale covers five factors indicating perineal wound healing: (1) Redness, (2) Edema, (3) Ecchymosis, (4) Discharge, and (5) Approximation. A total REEDA score is obtained by evaluating each category of these five recovery factors. The scale is evaluated by giving 0, 1, 2, and 3 points to each evaluation. The lowest score is 0 and the highest score is 15. |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
18 years of age and older primiparous women, who have given vaginally on the due date (37-42 gestational weeks) and have a mediolateral episiotomy
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Gonca Buran, PhD | Uludag Ãœniversity | Principal Investigator |
| Seyhan Çankaya, Ass. Prof | Selcuk University | Study Chair |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gonca Buran | Bursa | 16059 | Turkey (Türkiye) |
The data sets generated during and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.
6 months after publication
relevance to the topic of the study and approval of all co-authors within 1 month of receiving the request.
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D010146 | Pain |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D009461 | Neurologic Manifestations |
| D012816 | Signs and Symptoms |
| D013568 | Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms |
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The research is an experimental study with parallel groups including randomized controlled, experimental, and control with educational intervention
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No intervention will be made by the responsible researcher. Thus, she will be blinded to the experimental and control groups. The training intervention and data collection process will be carried out by the co-researcher. It will also enter the data into the SPSS program as A and B groups. The analysis will be carried out by the researcher blinded to the groups. After the reporting process is completed, it will be announced to which groups A and B groups belong. Participants will also be blind to each other.
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| postpartum 5th day |
| Episiotomy pain Evaluation after intervention | The Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) scale, which would be applied to evaluate episiotomy pain in the postpartum period, was used to convert some values that cannot be measured numerically, and two-end definitions of the parameter to be evaluated are written at both ends of a 100 mm line. The participant was asked to indicate where his or her condition is suitable on this line by drawing a line or by placing a dot or pointing. "No pain" is written on one end and "very severe pain" on the opposite end; the participant was asked to mark the pain condition on this line.was used to convert some values that could not be measured numerically, and two-end definitions of the parameter to be evaluated are written at both ends of a 100 mm line. | postpartum 5th day |
| Episiotomy Area Evaluation after intervention | Assessed using the Episiotomy Area Evaluation Scale (REEDA SCORE) before intervention. This scale covers five factors indicating perineal wound healing: (1) Redness, (2) Edema, (3) Ecchymosis, (4) Discharge, and (5) Approximation. A total REEDA score is obtained by evaluating each category of these five recovery factors. The scale is evaluated by giving 0, 1, 2, and 3 points to each evaluation. The lowest score is 0 and the highest score is 15. | Postpartum 15th day |
| Episiotomy pain Evaluation after intervention | The Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) scale, which would be applied to evaluate episiotomy pain in the postpartum period, was used to convert some values that cannot be measured numerically, and two-end definitions of the parameter to be evaluated are written at both ends of a 100 mm line. The participant was asked to indicate where his or her condition is suitable on this line by drawing a line or by placing a dot or pointing. "No pain" is written on one end and "very severe pain" on the opposite end; the participant was asked to mark the pain condition on this line.was used to convert some values that could not be measured numerically, and two-end definitions of the parameter to be evaluated are written at both ends of a 100 mm line. | Postpartum 15th day |