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| Name | Class |
|---|---|
| Bhabha Atomic Research Centre | OTHER |
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To assess the efficacy of oral chlorophyllin tablets for urinary bleeding following radiation therapy for cancers of pelvic organs.
Radiation therapy to the pelvis is a commonly used treatment modality for urological, gynaecological and rectal cancers. Intensity modulation and image guidance have improved the delivery of radiation therapy in recent times. However, this does not eliminate the risk of radiation-induced damage to the adjacent healthy tissue - in this consideration, the bladder. Hemorrhagic cystitis accounts for 5-7% of emergency urology admissions. The procedure for the management of radiation cystitis proceeds from non-invasive oral drugs and HBOT to minimally invasive treatment like intravesical therapy and angioembolization, to more morbid procedures like cystectomy and urinary diversion. Although these treatment modalities have shown some success, most patients continue to have recurrent/persistent hematuria. There is a need to explore options of other oral/intravesical agents which can aid in mucosal healing and stop hematuria with lasting effects. Sodium-copper-chlorophyllin (CHL) is a phytopharmaceutical drug obtained from green plant pigment, chlorophyll. It is a semi-synthetic mixture of sodium copper salts derived from chlorophyll. Chlorophyllin scavenges radiation-induced free radicals and reactive oxygen species. Research at BARC has shown that chlorophyllin prevents radiation-induced toxicity in normal hematopoietic tissues and normal epithelial cells. A phase 1 clinical study in healthy volunteers indicate that CHL is safe and tolerable in humans and has not shown any severe adverse events. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the safety and efficacy of oral sodium copper chlorophyllin in hemorrhagic cystitis secondary to radiation therapy for pelvic malignancy.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Oral Chlorophyllin arm | Experimental | Participants will receive oral Sodium Copper Chlorophyllin at a dose of 750mg once daily (OD) on an empty stomach. |
|
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sodium Copper Chlorophyllin | Drug | Sodium-copper-chlorophyllin (CHL) is a phytopharmaceutical drug obtained from green plant pigment, chlorophyll. Chlorophyllin scavenges radiation-induced free radicals and reactive oxygen species. It is used as a food colorant and OTC in the USA, Japan, Australia and China for many years for a variety of health benefits including prevention of body odour in geriatric patients, enhanced wound healing, antibacterial action, prevention of cancer in the high-risk populations exposed to hepatocarcinogen aflatoxin B1, treatment of faecal incontinence etc. Studies have shown that CHL has immunostimulatory, anti-inflammatory and antiviral effects in addition to antioxidant and radioprotective properties. It increases the expression of a transcription factor (protein) Nrf2 which improves lymphocyte survival and enables efficient detoxification after exposure to radiation. The duration of therapy will be up to 6 months depending upon the response of participants. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Assessment of Objective Response Rate (ORR) as per CTCAE v5.0. | Objective Response Rate (ORR) The proportion of patients with CR/PR.The ORR will be determined as below.Complete response(CR):resolution of hematuria (gross/macroscopic hematuria for grade II/III and microscopic hematuria for grade I hemorrhagic cystitis) Partial response(PR):improvement (decrease by at least 1 grade of hemorrhagic cystitis but not complete resolution of hematuria over 3 months from the start of treatment.The grading of hemorrhagic cystitis will be as per the CTCAE v5.0. | Baseline |
| Assessment of Objective Response Rate (ORR) as per CTCAE v5.0. | Objective Response Rate (ORR) The proportion of patients with CR/PR.The ORR will be determined as below.Complete response(CR):resolution of hematuria (gross/macroscopic hematuria for grade II/III and microscopic hematuria for grade I hemorrhagic cystitis) Partial response(PR):improvement (decrease by at least 1 grade of hemorrhagic cystitis but not complete resolution of hematuria over 3 months from the start of treatment.The grading of hemorrhagic cystitis will be as per the CTCAE v5.0. | Post 1 month |
| Assessment of Objective Response Rate (ORR) as per CTCAE v5.0. | Objective Response Rate (ORR) The proportion of patients with CR/PR.The ORR will be determined as below.Complete response(CR):resolution of hematuria (gross/macroscopic hematuria for grade II/III and microscopic hematuria for grade I hemorrhagic cystitis) Partial response(PR):improvement (decrease by at least 1 grade of hemorrhagic cystitis but not complete resolution of hematuria over 3 months from the start of treatment.The grading of hemorrhagic cystitis will be as per the CTCAE v5.0. | Post 3 months |
| Assessment of Objective Response Rate (ORR) as per CTCAE v5.0. | Objective Response Rate (ORR) The proportion of patients with CR/PR.The ORR will be determined as below.Complete response(CR):resolution of hematuria (gross/macroscopic hematuria for grade II/III and microscopic hematuria for grade I hemorrhagic cystitis) Partial response(PR):improvement (decrease by at least 1 grade of hemorrhagic cystitis but not complete resolution of hematuria over 3 months from the start of treatment.The grading of hemorrhagic cystitis will be as per the CTCAE v5.0. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Assessment of Bladder Cancer Index (BCI) scores. | Bladder cancer index (BCI) scores will be calculated at baseline, 1 month and 3 months for each study participant. Minimum value - 0, Maximum value - 100, Higher scores depict better outcome. | Baseline, post 1 month, post 3 months |
| Assessment of Treatment Failure (TF). |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Role | Phone | Extension | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dr. Gagan Prakash | Contact | 022 2417 | 7176 | gagan2311@gmail.com |
| Dr. Vikram Gota | Contact | +91 7715019117 | vikramgota@gmail.com |
| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Dr. Gagan Prakash | Tata Memorial Centre | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Tata Memorial Centre | Recruiting | Mumbai | Maharashtra | 400012 | India |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 20212517 | Background | Smit SG, Heyns CF. Management of radiation cystitis. Nat Rev Urol. 2010 Apr;7(4):206-14. doi: 10.1038/nrurol.2010.23. Epub 2010 Mar 9. | |
| 26798335 | Background | Browne C, Davis NF, Mac Craith E, Lennon GM, Mulvin DW, Quinlan DM, Mc Vey GP, Galvin DJ. A Narrative Review on the Pathophysiology and Management for Radiation Cystitis. Adv Urol. 2015;2015:346812. doi: 10.1155/2015/346812. Epub 2015 Dec 22. |
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All study-related information will be strictly maintained and will be shared only with the IEC and DSMB authorities.
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D000096722 | Cystitis, Hemorrhagic |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D003556 | Cystitis |
| D001745 | Urinary Bladder Diseases |
| D014570 | Urologic Diseases |
| D052776 | Female Urogenital Diseases |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| C007020 | chlorophyllin |
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A prospective, single centre, single-arm, interventional phase II study.
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|
| Post 6 months |
Treatment Failure (TF) defined as requirement of alternative intervention for persistent severe hematuria within 3 months from the start of treatment or early stoppage due to intolerable side effects in the absence of PR/CR [Intervention: multiple cystoscopies with clot evacuation, cystectomy, hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) or transfusion due to persistent drop in hemoglobin]. |
| Post 3 months |
| Evaluation of treatment failure-free survival. | Treatment failure-free survival is defined as the time from enrolment to the date of first intervention up to 3 months or date of discontinuation of therapy due to intolerable side effects in the absence of PR/CR. | Baseline to up to 3 months |
| Assessment of Quality of Life (QOL) using EORTC -QLQ C-30 questionnaire. | QoL will be measured using the EORTC-QLQ-30 questionnaire at baseline, 1 month and 3 months for each study participant. Minimum value - 0, Maximum value cannot be predetermined. five functional scales (physical, role, cognitive, emotional, and social), three symptom scales (fatigue, pain, and nausea and vomiting), a global health status / QoL scale, and a number of single items assessing additional symptoms commonly reported by cancer patients (dyspnoea, loss of appetite, insomnia, constipation and diarrhoea) and perceived financial impact of the disease. Therefore, higher scores depict better outcomes for some scales whereas for some scales lower scores depict better outcomes. | Baseline, post 1 month, post 3 months |
| 15476520 | Background | Sandhu SS, Goldstraw M, Woodhouse CR. The management of haemorrhagic cystitis with sodium pentosan polysulphate. BJU Int. 2004 Oct;94(6):845-7. doi: 10.1111/j.1464-410X.2004.05044.x. |
| 12507182 | Background | Feldmeier JJ, Hampson NB. A systematic review of the literature reporting the application of hyperbaric oxygen prevention and treatment of delayed radiation injuries: an evidence based approach. Undersea Hyperb Med. 2002 Spring;29(1):4-30. |
| 31537473 | Background | Oscarsson N, Muller B, Rosen A, Lodding P, Molne J, Giglio D, Hjelle KM, Vaagbo G, Hyldegaard O, Vangedal M, Salling L, Kjellberg A, Lind F, Ettala O, Arola O, Seeman-Lodding H. Radiation-induced cystitis treated with hyperbaric oxygen therapy (RICH-ART): a randomised, controlled, phase 2-3 trial. Lancet Oncol. 2019 Nov;20(11):1602-1614. doi: 10.1016/S1470-2045(19)30494-2. Epub 2019 Sep 16. |
| 31617263 | Background | Villeirs L, Tailly T, Ost P, Waterloos M, Decaestecker K, Fonteyne V, Van Praet C, Lumen N. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy for radiation cystitis after pelvic radiotherapy: Systematic review of the recent literature. Int J Urol. 2020 Feb;27(2):98-107. doi: 10.1111/iju.14130. Epub 2019 Oct 15. |
| 12376221 | Background | Lojanapiwat B, Sripralakrit S, Soonthornphan S, Wudhikarn S. Intravesicle formalin instillation with a modified technique for controlling haemorrhage secondary to radiation cystitis. Asian J Surg. 2002 Jul;25(3):232-5. doi: 10.1016/S1015-9584(09)60181-0. |
| 27509371 | Background | Westerman ME, Boorjian SA, Linder BJ. Safety and efficacy of intravesical alum for intractable hemorrhagic cystitis: A contemporary evaluation. Int Braz J Urol. 2016 Nov-Dec;42(6):1144-1149. doi: 10.1590/S1677-5538.IBJU.2015.0588. |
| 33070141 | Background | Comploj E, Pycha A, Trenti E, Palermo S, Bonatti M, Krause P, Folchini DM, Pycha A. Transarterial Embolization in the Management of Intractable Haemorrhage. Urol Int. 2021;105(1-2):95-99. doi: 10.1159/000511123. Epub 2020 Oct 16. |
| 24936722 | Background | Linder BJ, Tarrell RF, Boorjian SA. Cystectomy for refractory hemorrhagic cystitis: contemporary etiology, presentation and outcomes. J Urol. 2014 Dec;192(6):1687-92. doi: 10.1016/j.juro.2014.06.030. Epub 2014 Jun 14. |
| Background | Chlorophyll and Chlorophyllin Linus Pauling Institute Oregon State University. (Micronutrient Information) |
| 11724948 | Background | Egner PA, Wang JB, Zhu YR, Zhang BC, Wu Y, Zhang QN, Qian GS, Kuang SY, Gange SJ, Jacobson LP, Helzlsouer KJ, Bailey GS, Groopman JD, Kensler TW. Chlorophyllin intervention reduces aflatoxin-DNA adducts in individuals at high risk for liver cancer. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2001 Dec 4;98(25):14601-6. doi: 10.1073/pnas.251536898. Epub 2001 Nov 27. |
| 20413641 | Background | Citrin D, Cotrim AP, Hyodo F, Baum BJ, Krishna MC, Mitchell JB. Radioprotectors and mitigators of radiation-induced normal tissue injury. Oncologist. 2010;15(4):360-71. doi: 10.1634/theoncologist.2009-S104. |
| 18075225 | Background | Oriya A, Takahashi K, Inanami O, Miura T, Abe Y, Kuwabara M, Kashiwakura I. Individual differences in the radiosensitivity of hematopoietic progenitor cells detected in steady-state human peripheral blood. J Radiat Res. 2008 Mar;49(2):113-21. doi: 10.1269/jrr.07079. Epub 2007 Dec 12. |
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| Background | Interim Clinical Study Report (Project No. 0462-16) - An Open Label, Clinical Study To Assess Safety, Tolerability, Pharmacokinetics And Pharmacodynamics Of Sodium Copper Chlorophyllin In Healthy Adult, Human Male Subjects. |
| D005261 |
| Female Urogenital Diseases and Pregnancy Complications |
| D000091642 | Urogenital Diseases |
| D052801 | Male Urogenital Diseases |